什么是动词短语/片语, 它们为什么重要?

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royl
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什么是动词短语/片语, 它们为什么重要?

帖子 royl » 周四 5月 21, 2015 11:00 pm

什么是动词短语/片语, 它们为什么重要?

Question (问题)
What are phrasal verbs and why are they important?
什么是动词短语/片语, 它们为什么重要?

Answer (韦氏字典英语语言学习出版总监Jane Mairs女士解答)

Phrasal verbs are multiword combinations of Verb + Adverb, Verb + Preposition, or Verb + Adverb AND Preposition that function like one-word verbs. They can be transitive or intransitive. One of the most important and challenging characteristics of phrasal verbs is that the meaning of the combination is often quite different from the meaning of the original verb by itself.
动词短语/片语是多个字的组成如: 动词 + 副词, 动词 + 介词, 或动词 + 副词和介词其功能跟单字动词一样. 它们可以是及物的也可以是不及物的. 动词短语最重要和具有挑战性的特性之一是这个动词组合的意义经常跟它单字动词的意义大不相同.

For example, the phrasal verb hang out, which means "to stay somewhere for a while without doing much," has a completely different meaning from the verb hang. Likewise, the phrasal verb pass out, which means "to fall asleep or become unconscious ," has a very different meaning from the verb pass. Finally, the phrasal verb put up with, which means "to tolerate," has little connection to the meaning of put. The sentences below illustrate these differences.
例如, 动词短语hang out, 意思为"在某处无所事事或鬼混,"跟单字动词hang的意义截然不同. 同样地, 动词短语pass out, 意思为"睡觉或晕厥," 跟单字动词pass的意义大相径庭. 最后, 动词短语put up with, 意思为"容忍," 跟单字动词put的意义几乎毫无关联. 下面的例句说明了它们的差异:

hang out vs. hang
• The kids in the neighborhood hang out at the corner store.
这几个邻居小孩在那个街头商店鬼混.
• He is going to hang the mirror on the wall.
他准备把这面镜子挂在墙上.

pass out vs. pass
• They both passed out in front of the TV.
他们两人都昏睡在电视机前.
• Stand here and don't let anyone pass.
站在这儿别让任何人通过.

put up with vs. put
• At this school, we will not put up with bad behavior.
在这个学校, 我们不会容忍恶劣行为.
• Put the car in the garage.
把这部车停进车库.

Multiple meanings (多重意义)
Another challenging thing about phrasal verbs is that they often have more than one meaning. The phrasal verb pass out, for example, can mean to fall asleep, as mentioned above, but it can also mean to distribute, as in this sentence:
另一个动词短语具有挑战性的事是它们经常含有多重意义. 举个例子, 动词短语pass out, 如上所述, 可以作"睡着"解释, 但也可以作"分派或散发"解释, 请看下面例句:

• The teacher hasn't finished passing out the tests yet.
这名老师还没分派完考试卷.

Why phrasal verbs are important (动词短语为何重要)
Phrasal verbs are important because they are extremely common in informal English, and unless you are familiar with their meanings, understanding informal language will be difficult. In addition, learning to use phrasal verbs correctly will help you sound natural in casual conversation.
动词短语之所以重要是因为它们在口语化英语的使用上极为普遍. 除非你熟悉它们的意义, 否则了解口语化英语是困难的. 除此之外, 学习正确使用动词短语将会帮助你在非正式的交谈上听起来自然而不做作.

One last tip about phrasal verbs: When you are writing for a formal audience, keep in mind that phrasal verbs sound informal. Instead of writing something like, "The patient had her tonsils taken out when she was ten years old," you may want to write "The patient had her tonsils removed when she was ten years old." It will sound more appropriate.
最后给一个有关动词短语的小窍门: 当你写作给正式的听众时, 请记住动词短语听起来是非正式. 与其写为, "这名病人在十岁的时候已经将她的扁桃腺切除(taken out)," 不如使用"这名病人在十岁的时候已经将她的扁桃腺切除(removed)." 如此写, 这个句子听起来比较正式.

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