01. bankruptcy estate
定义: 破产债务人资产; 破产财团
例句: When a bankruptcy case is filed with a court, its bankruptcy estate, which includes all of a debtor's legal and equitable interests, is formed. (当一个破产案件在法院送交之后, 破产人的资产将由包括债务人所有的合法实际拥有的资产所构成)
02. bankruptcy petition
定义: 破产申请
例句: Once a bankruptcy petition is filed, it is for the creditors, not the debtor to decide whether a particular asset has value. (一旦一件破产申请送交之后, 一份特定资产是否具有价值是由债权人决定而不是由债务人决定)
03. bankruptcy proceeding
定义: 破产诉讼
例句: Certain property is exempt from a bankruptcy proceeding and can be kept by the debtor. (某些财产是可以豁免于破产诉讼的清算并且可以由债务人保留)
04. bankruptcy trustee
定义: (代表债权人)破产受托人或管理人
例句: The bankruptcy trustee may bring a motion to dismiss the case as an abuse of the system or to deny the debtor a discharge if the trustee finds evidence of fraud, perjury or ineligibility. (破产管理人可以以滥用破产系统提议驳回这个破产保护案件或拒绝债务人的债务解除如果管理人发现诈欺, 伪证或不适用)
05. bar
定义: 律师总称
例句: Although the bar advocates and the bench adjudicates, judges commonly remain members of the bar, and lawyers are commonly referenced as Officers of the Court. (尽管律师的工作是辩护而法官的工作是判决, 法官一般仍属于律师团体的成员, 律师也一般被称为法庭官员)
06. bench trial
定义: 法官审理
例句: In US law, most civil trials are bench trials unless a party requests a jury. A criminal bench trial will only occur if the right to a jury trial is waived. (依照美国法律, 除非一方当事人要求陪审团审理, 大多数的民事诉讼是法官审理. 一件刑事诉讼只有于陪审团审理的权利被放弃时才使用法官审理)
07. bench warrant
定义: 法官发出的拘票
例句: A bench warrant is issued when an indictment, which is a written accusation of a person's guilt for an act or omission, is handed down. (当一件起诉发生时, 法官发出拘票, 也就是宣布一份对某人的一个行为或不履行义务的有罪书面控告)
08. best evidence rule
定义: (原始文件或证据优于副本或复制品的)最佳举证原则; 如果原始证据可以用的话则副本就不允许使用
例句: The best evidence rule is basically a rule of competency. Secondary evidence is not competent to prove the contents of an original writing unless the original is destroyed or unavailable. (最佳举证原则基本上是一项作证资格的法规.除非原始证据被摧毁或无法取得, 次要证据不具证明原始文件内容的资格)
09. best evidence/primary evidence
定义: (非复制或副本的)原始文件或证据, 最佳证据, 最有利证据
例句: The primary evidence of the hate crime is the words/insults pronounced by the perpetrator about the victim's ethnic background during the commission of the crime. (仇恨犯罪的原始证据是加害者在犯罪时对被害人的种族背景所发出的话语或凌辱)
10. best interest of the child
定义: 符合(未成年)子女最佳利益/权益
例句: During the divorce process, courts may consider many factors to determine what child custody arrangement is in the best interest of the child. (在离婚的过程中, 法院也许会考虑许多因素来决定何种子女监护安排是符合子女最佳权益)
11. beyond a reasonable doubt
定义: 超越/排除任何合理怀疑; 罪证确凿, 罪行千真万确, 罪不可逭
例句: The Supreme Court held that for any criminal conviction, including criminal contempt, the standard was beyond a reasonable doubt. (依据最高法院的判决, 做出任何刑事定罪, 包括严重藐视法庭行为, 审理标准是排除任何合理怀疑来证明被告的罪证确凿)
12. bond forfeiture (calling the bond)
定义: (当被告没出庭之后)保释金没收, 拘捕被告
例句: Where surety redelivers defendant to sheriff at its own expense, motion to set aside bond forfeiture will be allowed to stand. (当保证人自费遣返弃保潜逃的被告予治安机关的时候, 取消没收保释金的要求将被允许维持有效. 注: 意指既然保证人把弃保潜逃的被告遣返, 保释金自然不会被没收)
13. bond review
定义: 保释金复审
例句: Since the original bail amount was set by the commissioner without reviewing the defendant's history, the bail review is a chance to lower the bail amount. (由于原来的保释金是由保释金委员在没有审核被告的历史所设定的, 这个保释金复审是个降低保释金的机会)
14. exonerate
定义: 证明无罪/无辜, 免除
例句: Lawyers say they have DNA evidence that will exonerate a man in a 1978 rape in Williamsburg. (律师们说他们掌握了DNA的证据可以用来证明一名被控于一九七八年威廉斯堡强奸案的男子是无辜的)
15. booking
定义: (收押嫌犯做出的)时间, 名字以及指控罪名的登记
例句: During booking, a police officer usually will take the suspect's personal information and the alleged crime, check his criminal background, take a mug shot and fingerprint the suspect. (在收押的时候, 警官通常会记录下嫌犯的个人资料,被指控的罪名, 查询他的犯罪背景, 拍下面部照片以及打指纹)
嫌犯的面部照片
16. breach
定义: (对法律, 契约, 承诺等的)违反, 造成骚乱, 非法闯入, 违背诚信
例句: A majority of states have enacted security breach laws, requiring a business to disclose to its consumers when personal information is compromised. (大多数的州政府已经制定了违反安全法规, 要求一家企业通知它的消费者如果私人资料遭到危害)
17. brief
定义: (律师准备的)辩护状, 讼状论据
例句: The trial brief states the facts, evidence, and legal arguments typically includes citations to legal authority such as statutes, case law or rules to support your position. (一份审理辩护状陈述事实, 证据, 与法律论据通常包括法学权威的引述例如法令条文, 判例法或法则来支持你的论点)
18. bring an action against, to
定义: 对...提出诉讼, 控告
例句: The plaintiff may be able to bring an action against both drivers – the one who cut her off and the one who rear-ended her – on the basis that their negligent acts. (基于他们疏忽的行为, 这个原告也许能够控告这两名驾驶人: 一个是切进并停止在她道路前方和另一个从后方撞上她车的驾驶人)
19. broken down irretrievably
定义: (婚姻关系)无法挽回/挽救地破裂
例句: Under the new law, a couple is permitted to end their marriage if the relationship has broken down irretrievably for a period of at least six months. (依照新法的规定, 一对夫妻被允许结束他们的婚姻如果这个关系已经无法挽回地破裂为期至少六个月之久)
20. burden of proof
定义: 举证责任
例句: Criminal cases usually place the burden of proof on the prosecutor, "the burden of proof rests on who asserts, not on who denies." (刑事诉讼案件一般将举证责任归给检察官, "举证责任应由控告的一方承担而不是由否认的一方承受.")