法律术语 6

[royl]

法律术语 6

01. change of venue
定义: 改变出庭地点
例句: A change of venue may occur to move a jury trial away from a location where a impartial jury may not be possible due to widespread publicity about a crime. (由于某一犯罪被广为瞩目, 当地也许无法产生无偏见的陪审团, 改变出庭地点的请求也许会被考虑到)

02. chapter 11
定义: 第十一章破产法, 公司重整
例句: In Chapter 11, in most instances the debtor remains in control of its business operations as a debtor in possession, and is subject to the oversight and jurisdiction of the court. (依据第十一章破产法, 作为申请破产保护的公司在多数情况下仍由债务人控管其业务经营并遵守法院的监督与管辖)
注: 这里的申请破产保护的公司就是债务人

03. chapter 12
定义: 第十二章破产法, 家庭农渔民债务重整
例句: Chapter 12 provides additional benefits not available under chapter 13 and chapter 11. These benefits include higher debt ceilings and more advantageous exemptions. (第十二章破产法提供第十三章与第十一章破产法所不具备的额外有利条件. 这些有利条件包括较高举债上限和更有利的豁免)

04. chapter 13
定义: 第十三章破产法, 以收入还债的私人债务重整
例句: The goal of Chapter 13 is to enable income-receiving debtors a debtor rehabilitation provided they fulfill a court-approved plan. (第十三章破产法的目的是提供有营收的债务人一个康复机会如果他们履行法院核准计划的话)

05. chapter 13 trustee
定义: 第十三章破产受托人或管理人
例句: Chapter 13 acts s​​imilarly to a consolidation under which the individual makes the plan payments to a Chapter 13 trustee who then distributes payments to creditors. (第十三章破产法类似一个由债务人依计划缴交欠款给第十三章破产管理人随后再把款项分发给债权人的债务整合)

06. chapter 15
定义: 第十五章破产法, 跨国破产法, 向美国破产法庭寻求保护的外国破产案件
例句: Chapter 15 allows cooperation between the US courts and the foreign courts, as well as other authorities of foreign countries involved in cross-border insolvency cases. (第十五章破产法允许美国法院除了与外国法院之外也与其他涉及跨国破产案件的外国当局合作)

07. chapter 7
定义: 第七章破产法, 清盘变卖非豁免财产
例句: In Chapter 7, when the business ceases operations, a trustee sells all of its assets, and then distributes the proceeds to its creditors. (依据第七章破产法, 当这家企业停止营业之后, 一个破产管理人出售它所有的资产, 随后将售后的所得分发给它的债权人)

08. chapter 7 trustee
定义: 第七章破产受托人或管理人
例句: The primary role of a chapter 7 trustee in an asset case is to liquidate the debtor's nonexempt assets in a manner that maximizes the return to the unsecured creditors. (在一个资产案件里, 第七章破产管理人主要的任务是把债务人的无豁免资产最大幅度地换为现金来偿还给无担保的债权人)

09. chapter 9
定义: 第九章破产法, 地方政府及公共财政机关之重整
例句: Before the creation of Chapter 9 bankruptcy, the only remedy for the creditors to pursue is an action of mandamus, and compel the municipality to raise taxes. (在第九章破产法创立之前, 债权人唯一的求偿方式是请求高院下达命令状, 以及强制地方政府增税)

10. charge
定义: 正式起诉, 正式控告
例句: In a 'man bites dog' twist on airport security news, a woman in Florida has been charged with battery for groping a TSA officer. (在一个机场安全新闻的'人咬狗'怪异事件中, 一名佛罗里达州女子被以触摸一名交通安全局官员的伤害罪被起诉)

11. charge to jury
定义: (法官)对陪审团训令
例句: The Judge made a renewed charge to jury as to the effect on the community if no indictment were returned. (这个法官再次对对陪审团发出训令, 有关如果没有产生出起诉书的决定之后将会对这个社区造成的影响后果)

12. chattels
定义: 动产(珠宝, 衣物, 家具, 家电)
例句: In the common law systems, personal property may also be called chattels. In the civil law systems, personal property is often called movable property or movables. (在英美法系里, 个人动产亦称chattels. 在民事法系里, 个人动产也经常被称为可移动财产或简称为movables)

13. chief judge
定义: 首席法官, 审判长
例句: In the US courts of appeals, the Chief Judge has certain administrative responsibilities and presides over en banc sessions of the court and meetings of the Judicial Council. (在美国上诉法院里, 首席法官担负某些行政责任, 主持全体法官出庭审理案件以及司法会议)

14. child
定义: (十六岁以下)未成年人
例句: Children generally have fewer rights than adults and are classed as not able to make serious decisions, and legally must always be under the care of a responsible adult. (未成年人一般比成年人拥有较少的权利, 被归属于无法做重大决定的阶层, 法律上必须无例外地由负责的成年人来监护)

15. child support
定义: 子女抚养费
例句: Typically one has the same duty to pay child support irrespective of sex, so a mother is required to pay support to a father just as a father must pay a mother. (通常不论性别, 父母任何一方都负有提供子女抚养费的同样责任, 因此有如一名父亲被规定付给母亲抚养费, 一名母亲也是如此)

16. Chip Smith Charge
定义: 奇普•史密斯指示: 催促陷入僵局的陪审员重新审查多数意见, 努力达成一致裁定
例句: The jury informed the court that it was deadlocked. The court then gave the jury a Chip Smith charge, urging it to reconvene in a further attempt to reach a verdict. (这个陪审团通知法庭其议决陷入僵局. 法庭对陪审团下达奇普•史密斯指示敦促它再次召开会议再试图取得一个裁决)

17. circumstantial evidence
定义: 间接证据, 以推理为依据而得出结论
例句: Circumstantial evidence is evidence in which an inference is required to connect it to a conclusion of fact, like a fingerprint at the scene of a crime. (间接证据是需要使用推论来建立它与事实结论之间关系的一种证据, 譬如犯罪现场的指纹)

18. civil action
定义: 民事诉讼
例句: A civil action is a legal action to protect a private civil right or to compel a civil remedy, as distinguished from criminal prosecution. (有别于刑事公诉, 民事诉讼是一件保护私有的公民权益或强制给予民事赔偿的法律诉讼)

19. claim
定义: 求偿, 索赔
例句: A claim is a demand for money, for property, or for enforcement of a right provided by law. (索赔是一个金钱, 财产, 或合法权益执行的赔偿要求)

20. class action
定义: 集体诉讼
例句: In law, a class action is a form of lawsuit in which a large group of people collectively bring a claim to court. (依据法令, 一件集体诉讼是一个大型群体集体于法院提出索赔控告的诉讼方式)