法律术语 25

[royl]

法律术语 25

01. short cause
定义: 简易案件
例句: If the parties to a case anticipate that it will not take up a significant amount of time, they may apply for the court to designate it as a short cause. (如果这件官司当事人预估它不会耗费大量时间,他们也许会跟法院申请​​将此案指定为简易案件)

02. slow plea
定义: (被告不认罪但预期会有罪的判决)延后, 保留的答辩(在上诉时才使用的答辩)
例句: It's called a slow plea because of the extra time it takes to pick a jury and then acquaint them with the facts of the case before you get to the facts pertinent to sentencing. (它之所以被称为延后答辩是因为它需要额外时间挑选陪审团, 让他们熟悉本案资料然后你才可以谈及与判刑有关的事证)

03. small-claims court
定义: (小于五千美元的)小额索偿诉讼法庭
例句: Most parties represent themselves in small-claims court, in part because the facts of the dispute are simple but also because it makes little economic sense to pay attorneys' fees. (小额索偿法庭大多数当事人都代表他们自己, 部分由于争议之事实简单, 而且也因为它没必要花钱请律师)

04. speedy trial
定义: (美国宪法给予被告的不受拖延与痛苦折磨的审讯之保障权力)快速审理
例句: The defendant's right to a speedy trial within a short time is guaranteed by the Fifth Amendment. Charges must be dismissed and the defendant released if the period expires without trial. (被告于短时内快速审理之权利乃是被第五修正案所保障. 如果此期限内没有审理, 控告必须被撤销, 被告必须被释放)

05. spoilation
定义: 摧毁或篡改(对己方不利)证据罪
例句: If the document remains in the same computer where the spoilation took place, the alteration may be uncovered with computer forensics. (如果这个篡改发生于一直储存于同一电脑的文件上, 这篡改或许可以经由电脑犯罪鉴识来侦破)

06. standard of proof
定义: 证明被告有罪的标准
例句: The standard of proof in criminal cases require that a defendant's guilt be proved "beyond a rea​​sonable doubt" while in civil suits usually require proof "by a preponderance of the evidence." (刑事案件之证明被告有罪标准是要求被告的罪行必须是"罪证确凿"而民事案件的有罪标准一般要求为"凭借证据优势.")

07. statement of financial affairs
定义: 债务人财务报表
例句: If the trustee or a creditor discovers that you intentionally left information off the statement of financial affairs, the court may dismiss your case and you could even be prosecuted for perjury. (如果此受托人或某债权人发现你蓄意于债务人财务报表上漏报资料, 这个法庭将驳回你的案件, 你甚至可能被依伪证罪起诉)

08. statement of intention
定义: (第七章破产计画)意向输, 意向声明
例句: A Statement of Intention is required to be filed in Chapter 7 cases. It advises the court/trustee/creditors what you intend to do with your secured collat​​eral such as your home or car. (一份意向书必须提出于第七章破产案件. 它告知法院/债务管理人/债权人你打算如何处理例如你的房屋或车子等有担保债务抵押物)

09. states attorney/city prosecutor
定义: 检察官
例句: The normal function of the states attorney in criminal cases is to charge a person with a crime and thereafter pursue the case through trial on behalf of the government. (刑事案件里检察官的正常功能是对某人之犯罪提起公诉, 随后代表政府经由审讯方式来追究此案)

10. statute
定义: (立法单位通过的)法令, 法规; 成文法
例句: A statute begins as a bill sponsored by a legislator. If the bill gets approved by the legislature, the bill becomes law when it is signed by the executive officer. (一份法令始于一名立法议员提出的法案. 如果此法案由立法部门通过的话, 此法案被行政官员签署之后就成为了法律)

11. statute of frauds
定义: 防止诈欺法. 要求契约须以书面的方式为之的法律
例句: Statute of frauds is a law in every state which requires that certain documents be in writing, such as real property titles and transfers, long-term leases, wills and some types of contracts. (每州防止诈欺法都规定某种文件必须是书面的, 诸如房地产所有权状, 长期租约, 遗嘱和某些类型的契约)

12. statute of limitations
定义: 追诉权时限
例句: Many states require that a personal injury lawsuit be filed within one year from the date of injury but some statutes of limitations allow two years. (许多州要求人身伤害诉讼必须于受伤害那一天起一年内申请提出, 但有些追诉权时限允许两年时限)

13. stay
定义: 司法程序的暂时停止/延期
例句: A stay to no fixed date is taken by lawyers to mean a stay intended to be permanent. A stay of proceedings is often taken as having the same effect for the accused as an acquittal. (没有时限的停止/延期被律师视为等同一个永久性停止. 一个诉讼程序的停止经常被视为等同被告被宣告无罪)

14. stipulation/stip
定义: 双方同意约定
例句: A stip is an agreement between the parties to a lawsuit. If the parties enter into a stipulation of facts, neither party will have to prove those facts. (双方同意约定是一份诉讼当事人的协议. 如果当事人订下某些事实的同意约定, 双方都不须要证明这些事实. 注: 意指只要双方同意这些事实即可)

15. sua sponte
定义: 法院自发性行动(并非当事人所要求的)
例句: Common reasons for an action taken sua sponte are when the judge determines that the court does not have subject-matter jurisdiction or that the case should be moved to another judge. (法院自发性行动的常见原因包括当法官决定此法庭对此议题不具管辖权或此案件应交予另一法官处理)

16. subordination agreement
定义: 降低求偿顺位同意书, 第二扣押权同意书
例句: A subordination agreement is a contract in which a lender who has a secured loan agrees with the property owner to subordinate the first loan to a new loan. (降低求偿顺位同意书是一份某个已经拥有担保贷款之贷款人同意产权持有人将其贷款优先求偿权让给新贷款的契约)

17. subpoena
定义: 传票, 传讯
例句: A subpoena is a writ by a government agency, most often a court, that has authority to compel testimony by a witness or production of evidence under a penalty for failure. (一份传票乃是一份大多为法院的政府机关拥有权力发出的令状, 它勒令某证人出庭作证或提供证据, 若不履行将受惩处)

18. subpoena ad testificandum
定义: 出庭作证词传票
例句: The subpoena ad testificandum is a writ that commands the witness, under penalty, to appear at a trial to give testimony. (出庭作证词传票是一份令状, 勒令此证人, 若不履行将受惩处, 出庭某审讯提供证词)

19. subpoena duces tecum
定义: 携带实质证据出庭传票
例句: A subpoena duces tecum is a court summons ordering a named party to appear before the court and produce documents or other tangible evidence for use at a hearing or trial. (携带实质证据出庭传票是一份法院传唤, 命令某一被指名当事人出庭以及提供文件或其他实质证据以供某听审或审讯使用)

20. substance abuse treatment
定义: (法官强制要求的)滥用药物/毒品的治疗
例句: A substance abuse treatment is a court-imposed condition that directs an individual to undergo treatment for drug or alcohol abuse. It may require either inpatient or outpatient treatment. (滥用药物/毒品治疗是一法院强制条件, 勒令某人接受滥用药物或毒品的治疗. 它或许要求住院或门诊治疗)