法律术语 27

[royl]

法律术语 27

01. trier of the fact
定义: 证据审理人, 法官或陪审团
例句: The weight to be given to such evidence is determined by the trier of the fact. (这个证据是否具有可信度是由法官或陪审团来决定)

02. true bill
定义: 陪审团同意的起诉书
例句: A true bill is a written decision of a grand jury that it has heard sufficient evidence from the prosecution to believe that the accused probably committed a crime and should be indicted. (起诉书是大陪审团做出的书面决定, 宣布它已经听取了检方足够证据, 相信被告极可能犯下某罪并应被起诉)

03. trustee
定义: (替无担保债务的债权人保护权益的)管理人, 受托人或托管人
例句: A trustee's purpose is to invest trust assets and distribute trust income or principal to beneficiaries as directed in the trust document. (托管人的工作包括在信托公文指示之下, 投资信托资产, 分配信托营利或本金给予受益人. 注: 这里的受益人是指债权人)

04. turn state's evidence
定义: 举发共犯证据(于刑案里, 嫌犯自动提供证据, 以证实其他共犯有罪而获减刑之供词)
例句: Turning state's evidence is occasionally a result of a change of heart or feelings of guilt, but more often is done in response to a generous offer from the prosecution. (共犯证据之举发偶尔是因为嫌犯改变心意或产生罪恶感,但更经常是由于嫌犯响应检方提出的宽大条件所造成的)

05. typing service
定义: (无授权行使法律诉讼的)破产申请服务人
例句: Bankruptcy petition preparers may not give legal advice or represent people in court; but they act as a typing service, completing the required bankruptcy forms for the debtor. (破产申请书填写人被禁止提供法律咨询或出庭代表他人; 但他们可以担任申请服务人, 替债务人填写所规定的申请表格)

06. U.S. attorney
定义: 美国联邦检察官
例句: The US Attorney's Office is the chief prosecutor for the United States in criminal law cases, and represents the United States in civil law cases as either the defendant or plaintiff, as appropriate. (联邦检察官办公室是美国刑案首要检察官, 于民事案件里视情况而定代表美国成为被告或原告)

07. U.S. trustee
定义: (美国联邦司法部下属负责监管破产案的)管理人, 受托人或托管人
例句: The US Trustee does not have prosecution powers, but is required by law to refer information regarding potential criminal violations of bankruptcy laws to the US Attorney. (联邦受托人不具起诉权力, 但依法规定须将潜在违犯破产法之刑事部分资料交予联邦检察官处理)

08. unconditional discharge
定义: 无条件的结案/撤销/释放/解除债务
例句: If you are sentenced to an unconditional discharge, you will be released from a debt with no more obligations to fulfill or from confinement without spending time on parole. (如果你被宣判了无条件解除债务或释放, 你将被免除债务不需履行任何义务或从监狱释放不需服任何时间的假释)

09. undersecured claim
定义: 未全额担保的债务
例句: In the event an undersecured claim does not specify the dollar amount of the unsecured deficiency, the unsecured component may be disregarded by a trustee. (如果未全额担保债务没有明确列出无担保的不足金额是多少, 此无担保部分可能被受托人不予理会)

10. undue hardship
定义: 无法承受的负担, 无法偿还的困难
例句: A debtor who has no income and little chance of earning enough in the future to pay off the loan may be able to show that repayment would be an undue hardship. (一名没有收入而且不可能于未来赚足薪资清偿这笔贷款的债务人也许能够表明偿债是一份无法承受的负担)

11. undue influence
定义: 不正当影响或施压; 以威胁, 诡计, 逢迎, 奉承等不正当手段来说服或占便宜
例句: Undue influence is a ground for challenging the validity of a will or other document in court. ("不正当影响或施压"是一个于法庭上质疑某一个遗嘱或其他法律文件合法性的正当理由. 注:意指过逝前的人由于身心衰弱, 受到有心人不正当影响或施压, 于遗嘱上赠予此人过量之遗产)

12. unenforceable contract
定义: 无法执行的契约
例句: An unenforceable contract is a valid contract but a court will not enforce it due to a technical defect or some deficiency. An unsigned contract may be unenforceable in court. (无法执行契约是份有效力契约但由于某个技术瑕疵或缺陷法院不予执行. 一份未签署契约可能无法被法院执行)

13. unlawful detainer action
定义: 驱逐不付租金房客的诉讼
例句: An unlawful detainer determines who has the legal right to the possession of real property. It is used to recover the real property not the rent. (驱逐不付租金房客的诉讼决定谁拥有房地产的合法所有权. 它被用来收回这笔房地产但并不是用来收回租金)

14. unliquidated claim
定义: (债务数字尚未决定的)未清偿债务
例句: The claim is said to be unliquidated if there is a dispute regarding either the amount due or the debtor's liability. (当一个关于欠款金额或债务人之负债金额的争执发生时, 这笔债务被视为未清偿债务)

15. unscheduled debt
定义: 无偿债计划债务, 未列于偿债时间表的债务
例句: The creditor extends an unscheduled debt merely on the basis of creditor's assessment of the debtor's future ability to pay. It may or may not be discharged. (仅仅基于对债务人未来偿债能力的评估, 此债权人允许无偿债计划债务延期. 此债务可能会也可能不会被免除)

16. unsecured claim
定义: 无担保债务
例句: In an unsecured claim the creditor extends the claim to the debtor after looking into the debtor's ability to repay the debt. For an unsecured claim there is no collat​​eral security. (在无担保债务里, 债权人调查了债务人偿债能力之后, 允许债务人延期清偿. 无担保债务是没有抵押物作保证的债务)

17. uphold
定义: 维持原判, 上院赞同下院判决
例句: To uphold is to make a conclusion by an appellate court that a lower-court decision is correct and will stand as rendered by the lower court. (维持原判乃是由高院做出的一个最终裁决, 它宣示了下级法院的判决是正确的, 并持续有效)

18. use immunity
定义: 1. 提证免责权, 给予刑案证人的豁免权以免他所提出的证据被用来起诉他自己; 2. 证据豁免权, 法定禁止使用一些非法搜集到的特定文件或资料
例句: A witness with use immunity may still be prosecuted, but only based on evidence not gathered from the protected testimony. (一名拥有提证免责权的证人仍可能被起诉, 但只限于受保障作证之外所搜集的证据为起诉的根据)

19. vacate
定义: 撤销或作废一个裁决
例句: A vacated judgment is usually the result of the judgment of an appellate court which overturns, reverses, or sets aside the judgment of a lower court. (作废一个裁决通常是由于高院的判决, 将下级法院之裁决予以撤销, 推翻, 或不理会所产生的)

20. vehicular homicide
定义: 使用交通工具杀人罪
例句: The only difference between a vehicular homicide and other homicides is the use of a motor vehicle as a weapon, as opposed to a gun or knife. (相对于使用枪械或刀刃作为武器, 交通工具杀人罪与其他杀人罪之间的唯一差别是使用机动车辆作为杀人武器)