成语和谚语之间的差别在哪?

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royl
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成语和谚语之间的差别在哪?

帖子 royl » 周三 10月 15, 2014 3:14 pm

成语和谚语之间的差别在哪?

Question
What is the difference between idioms and proverbs? — Many students, worldwide
成语和谚语之间的差别在哪?

Answer (韦氏字典英语语言学习出版总监Jane Mairs女士解答)

Idioms

An idiom is a commonly used expression with a meaning that is not the same as its literal meaning. In other words, the meaning of an idiom cannot be understood from the meanings of its individual words. Here are some examples of idioms:
成语是一个普遍使用的词句, 其寓意与字面上的意义多不相同. 换句话说, 一个成语的寓意是无法从它个别单字的意义中取得理解. 请看下面的成语范例:

to be fed up with means to be tired and annoyed about something that has happened over and over
"to be fed up with"意思是厌倦了, 受够了某件一而再再而三发生的事情
to rub someone the wrong way means to irritate someone
"to rub someone the wrong way"是指激怒某人
to do something by the skin of your (my/his/he​​r/our/their) teeth means to do it successfully, but to come close to failure. "She passed the test by the skin of her teeth," means that she passed , but she nearly failed.
"to do something by the skin of your (my/his/he​​r/our/their) teeth"意义为虽然成功地做到了某事, 但差一点就失败. "She passed the test by the skin of her teeth, "乃是说她考及格了这个测验, 但她差一点就没过关.


Proverbs

A proverb is a short, popular saying that gives advice and expresses a common belief about life. Here are some examples:
一个谚语是一个简短, 普遍使用的格言用来给予别人忠告以及表达一个对人生的共同信念. 请看下面几笔范例:

Don’t cry over spilled milk.
没有必要为已发生的事难过.
This is a way of saying that there is no point in worrying about something that has already happened.
这是一个没有必要去担心已经发生之事的格言.

People who live in glass houses shouldn't throw stones.
居住在玻璃房子里的人不应该扔石头.
This is a way of saying that we shouldn't criticize people for having faults that we have ourselves.
这是一个自己也犯同样错误的人不应该批评别人错误的格言.

A stitch in time saves nine.
一针及时顶九针.
This is a way of saying that it's better to fix a problem right away than to wait until later when the problem will be harder to fix.
这是一个及时修补问题要比延迟至问题加深扩大要好办多了的格言.

Like idioms, proverbs have a meaning that is greater than their literal meaning, but in a different way than idioms. The true meaning of a proverb is found by broadening the specifics of the proverb to a message about life in general. And you can often figure out the meaning of a proverb even if you have never heard it before.
就像成语一样, 谚语的寓意也比它们字面上的意义还要广, 但与成语还是不一样. 谚语的真义是可以经由扩大这句谚语的细节使其成为一般人生的重要讯息. 即使你从未听见过这句谚语, 你也能够弄明白这句谚语的寓意.

The other difference between idioms and proverbs is that proverbs are usually complete sentences, but idioms are not.
这两者另一个相异之处是, 谚语经常是一条完整句子, 而成语经常不是完整句子.

英语原文来源: http://www.learnersdictionary.com/qa/th ... overbs-2nd

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