"gotta"是什么意思, 如何使用它?

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"gotta"是什么意思, 如何使用它?

Question (问题)
What does "gotta" mean and how is it used? — Amin, United States
"gotta"是什么意思, 如何使用它?


Answer (韦氏字典英语语言学习出版总监Jane Mairs女士解答)

Gotta is a way of writing got to that shows how these words are pronounced in the expression have got to in casual speech: have gotta. Have gotta is an informal way of saying that something is necessary or must be true.
"Gotta"是"got to"的一种写法用来显示这两个字的发音, 它们也是源自于正式语句"have got to"的非正式用法: "have gotta." "Have gotta"是一种非正式说法, 表示某人/事/物是有必要的/必须的/必需的或者是必须是真的.

例句1: I've gotta leave in 15 minutes. (=it is necessary that I leave in 15 minutes)
例句2: You've gotta be kidding. (=it must be true that you are kidding)
例句3: We've gotta learn to get along better. (=it is necessary that we learn to get along better)

In very informal language, gotta is sometimes written and spoken without have, as in these examples, which have the same meaning as the sentences above:
在非常不正式的语句里, "gotta"有时候在说或写时省略了"have", 有如以下的例句, 它们所表达的意义与上面的例句是完全相同的:

例句1: I gotta leave in 15 minutes. = I've gotta leave in 15 minutes.
例句2: You gotta be kidding. = You've gotta be kidding.
例句3: We gotta learn to get along better. = We've gotta learn to get along better.

With or without have, gotta is very casual, and should only be used in informal conversation or when writing a representation of informal conversation.
无论包不包括"have"在内, "gotta"本身是个相当不正式的语句, 只可以使用于非正式的交谈上或用来书写非正式交谈的表述上.


英语原文来源: http://www.learnersdictionary.com/qa/wh ... is-it-used


编译者注:
多年来, 我跟我的儿女说, 跟父母或师长在书写交谈上(尤其在email上), 尽量使用正式语言, 严禁使用网路版的简写(例如: How are you? 写成How ru?) 你跟你的同辈在网路交谈则不在此限; 你爱怎么写都无所谓. 我看到许多年轻人不但正式英文书写不流利, 连网路版的简写也令人读得啼笑皆非. 美国跟中国一样, 表现出的行为或语言仍是要看你所交流的对象是谁并且保持应有的分寸. 如此才不会无意中激怒别人或被人看成没教养者.