什么时候使用"in" 以及 "on"

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royl
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什么时候使用"in" 以及 "on"

帖子 royl » 周二 7月 21, 2015 9:31 am

什么时候使用"in" 以及 "on"

Question (问题)
How do we know when to use in and on? For example, why is it "riding on the bus" instead of "riding in the bus"? — Rye, Philippines
我们如何知道什么时候使用"in" 和"on"? 例如, 为什么是"riding on the bus" 而不是"riding in the bus"?

Answer (韦氏字典英语语言学习出版总监Jane Mairs女士解答)
In and on are prepositions that are used to describe location, among other things. There are simple rules that will help you choose between in and on for location, although naturally there are exceptions to the rules. The phrase you ask about, "riding on the bus," is one of the exceptions. But before we consider the exceptions, let's go over the rules….
In 和 on 都是介词除了别的功能以外, 它是用来形容位置. 虽然总是有例外的情况, 有一些简单的规则可以帮助你在位置上选择in或on. 你所问的"riding on the bus"这则片语就是一个例外的情况. 但我们在考虑例外情况之前, 让我们先仔细地研读一遍它们的规则….

IN Use in when something is located inside of a defined space. It could be a flat space, like a yard, or a three-dimensional space, like a box, house, or car. The space does not need to be closed on all sides ("There is water IN the glass").
IN 使用于当某物位于某个被明确定义的空间之内部. 这个空间可以是平面的, 例如一片庭院, 这个空间也可以是一座立体的空间, 例如一座箱子, 一栋房子, 或一辆车子. 这个空间并不需要所有方面都是封闭的 ("这只杯子里有水").

ON Use on when something is touching the surface of something. It could be a horizo​​ntal surface, like a floor or beach, or a vertical surface, like a wall ("They hung pictures ON the wall"). We also use "on" for the surfaces of body parts ("He has a tattoo ON his arm").
ON 使用于当某物触及另一物的表面. 这个表面可以是一片水平的表面, 例如一片地面或海滩, 这个表面也可以是一片垂直的表面, 例如一面墙("他们把图画挂在这面墙上"). 我们也使用"on"在肢体的表面上 ("他的膀臂上有一块刺青").

A good way to understand the difference between in and on is to examine the two sentences below. In the first one, the use of in tells us that the person is lying under the covers on the bed, in the space between the sheets. In the second sentence, the use of on tells us that the book is on the surface of the bed, not under the covers.
一个了解in和on之间的差异很好的方法是检视下面的两个例句. 在第一个句子里, in的使用告诉我们这个人睡在床上的被单底下, 在床单和被单的空间当中.在第二个句子里, on的使用告诉我们这本书是被置于床的表面上, 而不是在被单底下.

        There is someone IN my bed.
        There is a book ON my bed.

EXCEPTIONS Now let's turn to the exceptions...
现在我们来看看例外情形…
1. Although we use in with cars, use on for larger vehicles, like planes, trains, and buses ("They have wi-fi ON the plane").
    尽管我们使用in于汽车, 使用on于较大的交通工具上, 例如飞机, 火车, 以及公共汽车 ("他们提供无线上网服务在这架飞机上").
2. To talk about something that is part of a written document, use in, regardless of the format of the document ("The quote appeared IN a blog post").
    在讨论某个文件上的事务时, 使用in, 无论这个文件的格式是什么 ("这句引述语出现在网路上的一篇博文上").
3. With websites, use on.
    论及网站时, 使用on.


资料来源: http://www.learnersdictionary.com/qa/Wh ... -in-and-on

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