虚拟动词时态

[royl]

虚拟动词时态

资料来源: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_verbs

现在虚拟式 (Present subjunctive)

这个形式与不定式完全相同.

To be:
现在直陈式: I am, you are, (s)he is, we are, you are, they are.
现在虚拟式: I be, you be, (s)he be, we be, you be, they be.

使用来表达对现在或未来的希望:
"God save our queen." (Not: God saves our queen)
"天佑女王." (不是: God saves our queen)

使用在强制性的语气:
"He insisted that his son have a more conventional celebration."
"他坚持他的儿子举行比较传统的庆祝."

"It is important that the process be carried out accurately."
"这个流程准确地被执行是很重要的."

"I shall work for him on condition that he pay me weekly."
"在他每星期付我薪资条件下我才会为他工作."


未完成虚拟式 (Imperfect subjunctive)

未完成虚拟式是被使用在表达对现在或未来的臆测, 这是用来描述不真实或臆测的状况. 在动词变化上, 未完成虚拟式与过去简单时态除了"to be"动词之外, 其它每一个动词都相同. 整个未完成虚拟式的"to be"动词我们只用"were":
过去简单时态: I was, you were, (s)he was, we were, you were, they were.
未完成虚拟式: I were, you were, (s)he were, we were, you were, they were.

在分析与现实相反的带有"if"的句子时, 它以第二条件的"if"从句/子句来形成:

例句:
"If I were rich, I would retire to the South of France."
"如果我是富有的话, 我会到法国以南退休."

"If I Were a Boy."
"如果我是个男孩."

"I'd rather it were more substantial."
"我宁愿这是更真实的."

"If I were a rich man...."
"如果我是一个富人的话...."


未来虚拟式 (Future subjunctive)

未来虚拟式在动词变化上使用"to be"加上不定式动词或者情态助动词"should". 注意, "were"从句/子句形成现在条件式, 但是"should"形成未来直陈式.

例句:
If I were to die tomorrow, then you would inherit everything.
如果我明天死亡, 你就可以继承一切.

If you were to give the money to me, then I would say no more about it.
如果你给我钱, 我就闭口不谈此事.

If I should go, then will you feed the hens?
如果你要去的话, 你可以喂母鸡吗?

If he should fall, who will carry the flag in his place?
如果他摔倒, 谁会取代他带着旗子?