二十道填充题考试, 明天宣布答案 26

[royl]

二十道填充题考试, 明天宣布答案 26

Fill-in-the-blanks Instructions: Select the word listed on the bottom which best fills in each blank.
请选择考卷底部所列出的最适当单字填写在每一个空格内(二十道题目, 二十个选择, 每一选择只许使用一次)

01. _______ is the basic physical and organizational structures needed for the operation of a society or enterprise, or the services and facilities necessary for an economy to function.
02. Making sure you savor the fragrances of the good memories, while using '_______ memories' as learning tools for the future.
03. The _______ person here is Mr. Kurtz for making a lame attempt to deflect attention from an incompetent administration.
04. An _______ is a form of power structure in which power effectively rests with a small segment of society distinguished by royalty, wealth, family ties, or military control.
05. During the 1970s, even as scholars penned now-classic works on the plantation South in the _______ era, the margins of the institution fell open to detailed investigation.
06. How can we let this ecological catastrophe become a personal and social _______?
07. It would be _______ to go to the ball wearing your right shoe on your left foot and your left shoe on your right foot.
08. At one end of the big barn, on a sort of raised platform, Major was already _______ on his bed of straw, under a lantern which hung from a beam.
09. Why _______ him now? What good will it do? He's already trampled all over the bill of rights, and done grave and irreparable harm to our reputation.
10. _______ is the belief that all values are baseless and that nothing can be known or communicated.
11. In mathematics, statistics, and the mathematical sciences, a _______ is a quantity that serves to relate functions and variables using a common variable (often t) when such a relationship would be difficult to explicate with an equation.
12. English _______ is the alphabetic spelling system used by the English language.
13. Occasionally I had to respond to questions and the occasional block would occur in spite of my attempts with substitution and _______.
14. _______ is the political, economic, ideological or cultural power exerted by a dominant group over other groups, regardless of the explicit consent of the latter.
15. A _______ is the longest side of a right-angled triangle, the side opposite the right angle.
16. If a society is divided into exactly two descent groups, each is called a _______, after the French word for half.
17. Maybe it's the sense of continuity and permanence they give to our _______ modern lives where the latest gadget is obsolete before you get it out of the box.
18. A contractor's failure to _______ a sworn statement as part of a mechanic's lien claim can result in forfeiture of one's lien rights.
19. With these _______ beginnings, what happened? With these halcyon days of trains and shipping, why didn't these Pacific Coast Seaports go on to become bustling modern day container ports, with extremely easy access to the Great Circle Routes?
20. _______ is a biological process by which an animal physically develops after birth or hatching, involving a conspicuous and relatively abrupt change in the animal's body structure through cell growth and differentiation.

(antebellum, auspicious, churlish, circumlocution, deleterious, ensconced, epiphany, evanescent, gauche, hegemony, hypotenuse, impeach, infrastructure, metamorphosis, moiety, nihilism, notarize, oligarchy, orthography, parameter)

[royl]

二十道填充题答案与解说

请网友注意, 你只能选择考卷底部所列出的最适当单字填写在每一空格(而且每个单字只能使用一次). 这次我把一些比较难的单字拿出来考网友. 如果您能够答对十题以上, 我恭喜您的优越单字程度.

01. Infrastructure is the basic physical and organizational structures needed for the operation of a society or enterprise, or the services and facilities necessary for an economy to function.
解说: 基础设施(Infrastructure)是一个社会或企业营运发展必需要基本的, 实体的, 有组织的结构; 也可以说是经济运行所必要的公共设施与场所.

02. Making sure you savor the fragrances of the good memories, while using 'deleterious memories' as learning tools for the future.
解说: 确定你要回味好回忆的芬芳, 同时使用'有害的回忆'(deleterious memories)做为未来的学习工具.

03. The churlish person here is Mr. Kurtz for making a lame attempt to deflect attention from an incompetent administration.
解说: 这里真正粗鲁的(churlish)人乃是克兹先生, 为了引开别人对无能政府的注意而使出站不住脚的尝试.

04. An oligarchy is a form of power structure in which power effectively rests with a small segment of society distinguished by royalty, wealth, family ties, or military control.
解说: 寡头统治(oligarchy)是一个权力结构, 它的实际权力端赖于社会的一小撮人(所组成的统治集团), 其特征是王室, 富豪, 家族关系, 或军事控制.

05. During the 1970s, even as scholars penned now-classic works on the plantation South in the antebellum era, the margins of the institution fell open to detailed investigation.
解说: 在一九七零年代中, 即使当学者写作现代经典文学有关美国南北战争前的(antebellum)时代的南方农庄, 这个制度的周边事务也开放给详尽的调查.
编者按: 这里的plantation是指南北战争前时代把农奴蓄养在南方农庄宿舍替主人长时间辛勤劳动的奴工营. 另外, 这句话的意思是, 许多详尽的调查开始着重于南北战争之前时代的住在北方各州, 不受奴役的黑人的生活细节.

06. How can we let this ecological catastrophe become a personal and social epiphany?
解说: 我们如何使这个生态浩劫成为私人以及社会的顿悟(epiphany)?

07. It would be gauche to go to the ball wearing your right shoe on your left foot and your left shoe on your right foot.
解说: 去舞会把右脚鞋子穿在左脚和左脚鞋子穿在右脚是粗鲁无礼的(gauche).

08. At one end of the big barn, on a sort of raised platform, Major was already ensconced on his bed of straw, under a lantern which hung from a beam.
解说: 在大牲口棚子的尾部, 一个升起的平台上, 梅杰已经安适地睡在(ensconced)铺草的床上, 头上一盏灯挂在横梁上.

09. Why impeach him now? What good will it do? He's already trampled all over the bill of rights, and done grave and irreparable harm to our reputation.
解说: 现在为什么要弹劾(impeach)他呢? 这有什么用? 他已经践踏遍了人权法案, 造成我们名誉上严重与不可弥补的伤害.

10. Nihilism is the belief that all values are baseless and that nothing can be known or communicated.
解说: 虚无主义(Nihilism)是一个信仰, 认为所有的价值是没根据的, 没有任何知识可以取得或可以交流的.

11. In mathematics, statistics, and the mathematical sciences, a parameter is a quantity that serves to relate functions and variables using a common variable (often t) when such a relationship would be difficult to explicate with an equation.
解说: 在数学, 统计学, 以及数学科学, 参数(parameter)是一个数量用来联系涵数和变数, 使用一个普通的变数(经常用t来代表)尤其是跟方程式的关系很困难去解释的时候.

12. English orthography is the alphabetic spelling system used by the English language.
解说: 英文正字学(orthography)是一个使用在英国文学的字母拼写系统.

13. Occasionally I had to respond to questions and the occasional block would occur in spite of my attempts with substitution and circumlocution.
解说: 偶尔, 我必须要回应问话, 有时候阻碍会发生尽管我试图使用替代话语以及迂回的话语(circumlocution).
编者按: 这里的block是指speech block, 语言障碍, 也就是一时想不出你想要讲的话, 所以才会被强迫使用替代话语.

14. Hegemony is the political, economic, ideological or cultural power exerted by a dominant group over other groups, regardless of the explicit consent of the latter.
解说: 霸权主义(Hegemony)是一个政治的, 经济的, 意识形态的, 或文化的强权由强势团体施加在其他团体之上, 不考虑后者愿意接不接受.

15. A hypotenuse is the longest side of a right-angled triangle, the side opposite the right angle.
解说: 斜边, 弦(hypotenuse)直角三角形最长的边, 正对直角的斜边.

16. If a society is divided into exactly two descent groups, each is called a moiety, after the French word for half.
解说: 如果社会被分裂成两个血统团体, 每一个团体被称之为一半(moiety) , 这是由法文所衍生出意为一半的字.

17. Maybe it's the sense of continuity and permanence they give to our evanescent modern lives where the latest gadget is obsolete before you get it out of the box.
解说: 最新的小器具还没从箱子拿出来用就已经过时了, 可能这是它们给我们短暂的(evanescent)现代生活一种延续感与永久感.

18. A contractor's failure to notarize a sworn statement as part of a mechanic's lien claim can result in forfeiture of one's lien rights.
解说: 承包商没有公证(notarize)一个宣誓声明成为技工对客户财产抵押权或要求权的一部份就会造成他的抵押权的丧失.
编者按: 这句话的意思是承包商为了保护自己的权益, 有权力申请对客户财产抵押权; 如果客户在工作完成之后不付款, 承包商可以有权把客户财产拍卖或销售来抵偿自己的损失.

19. With these auspicious beginnings, what happened? With these halcyon days of trains and shipping, why didn't these Pacific Coast Seaports go on to become bustling modern day container ports, with extremely easy access to the Great Circle Routes?
解说: 有了这些吉祥顺利的(auspicious)起步, 怎么了? 有了最近火车与海运的繁荣富裕, 为什么这些太平洋沿岸港口占有极为接近的大圈航线并没有继续成为熙熙攘攘的现代的集装箱港口?
编者按: 这里的Great Circle Routes大圈航线是指海流或气流不成为重要影响因素的海运或空运航线. 请参考下面旧金山与东京大圈航线的图片.


20. Metamorphosis is a biological process by which an animal physically develops after birth or hatching, involving a conspicuous and relatively abrupt change in the animal's body structure through cell growth and differentiation.
解说: 蜕变或变形(Metamorphosis)是一个生物学的过程: 动物体态上从出生之后发展, 涉及明确和相当突然的改变在于动物的身体结构细胞成长跟变异.

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