十五道选择题考试, 明天宣布答案 24

[royl]

十五道选择题考试, 明天宣布答案 24

来源: http://www.dot.state.mn.us/hr/pdf/mathr ... letest.doc

以下题目是明尼苏达州政府测试技术人员阅读能力的练习题

Please read the selections below then, using only the information provided, choose the most correct answer to the question.

Hurricanes and Tornadoes

Two of the most dangerous storms which afflict America are hurricanes and tornadoes. Hurricanes, which usually develop between July and October, are similar to cyclones and originate over the waters in the Caribbean Sea. They move upward, hitting the mainland of America somewhere in the Gulf of Mexico or the Atlantic Ocean. Once they hit land they carry tremendous power with driving rain and wind. These winds can attain speeds of over 75 miles per hour and cover an area of over 500 miles in diameter. At the center of the storm there is an "eye" with relatively calm weather and dry air. The diameter of the eye is usually about 20 miles. When the eye passes, relief is temporary since the wind and rain reappear from the opposite direction.

Every year homes are destroyed by hurricanes and often lives are lost. People who live near the coast are often forced to evacuate their homes and to move to safer areas until the storm passes. Floods are caused along the coasts by both the heavy rain and a storm tide that is considerably above normal water level. The high winds, coastal flooding and torrential rains associated with a hurricane cause enormous damage.

Travel inland across the Great Plains and the prairie states of America and hurricanes are not an occurrence, but there is another kind of storm in the Midwest which is equally feared. That storm is a tornado. A tornado is defined as a violently rotating column of air extending from a thunderstorm to the ground. The most violent tornadoes are capable of tremendous destruction with wind speeds of 250 miles per hour or more. Damage paths can be in excess of one mile wide and 50 miles long. Once a tornado in Broken Bow , Oklahoma carried a motel sign 30 miles and dropped it in Arkansas! These storms occur most often during the summer months and are most frequent in the United States east of the Rocky Mountains and especially in the central plains area of the Mississippi basin where about 150 occur each year. Tornadoes may also strike the southern states in winter and have even been known to develop in the northeast.

Both hurricanes and tornadoes cause millions of dollars worth of damage each year. Today they can be predicted more easily than in the past, but they cannot be stopped or ignored. The best defense against these storms is to be prepared by developing a family disaster plan .

32. What are two of the most dangerous storms encountered in America?
a. thunderstorms and hurricanes
b. typhoons and thunderstorms
c. hurricanes and tornadoes
d. hurricanes and cyclones

33. What is the center of a hurricane called?
a. the eye
b. the middle
c. the interior
d. the fury

34. What is a major difference between a hurricane and a tornado?
a. hurricanes always cover a larger area
b. a tornado has more wind and speed
c. they occur during different seasons
d. tornadoes cause more damage

35. Which is true of both hurricanes and tornadoes?
a. they are easily controlled
b. they move slowly
c. they can now be predicted with greater accuracy
d. they often occur during winter months

36. Where do hurricanes usually develop?
a. in southwestern United States
b. in the Caribbean Sea
c. in the Atlantic Ocean off Bermuda
d. over mainland near water


Monuments in the Mountains

Throughout the ages man has carved colossal figures out of stone. These can be seen in the ancient ruins of Egypt, Persia and Babylon. In modern time, America has also taken up the challenge and has carved huge sculptures into mountains.

On the East Coast of the United States not far from Atlanta, Georgia stands Stone Mountain, the largest mass of exposed granite in the world. Carved into the side of this mountain are three tremendous equestrian figures. They are sculptures of Jefferson Davis, Robert E . Lee and "Stonewall” Jackson. This is a memorial to the Confederacy. The colossal figure of Lee alone measures 138 feet from the top of his head to the tip of his horse's hooves. To see these massive stone sculptures on the side of a mountain is both impressive and inspiring. This monument was commissioned in 1916 and was begun by Gutzon Borglum, the sculptor of Mount Rushmore, but was not completed until 1969 by Walter K. Hancock.

South Dakota's Black Hills provide the backdrop for Mount Rushmore, considered to be one of the great man-made wonders of the modern world. These 60-foot high faces, 500 feet up, look out over a setting of pine, spruce, birch, and aspen in the clear western air. The epic sculpture, called “The Shrine of Democracy”, features the faces of four exalted American presidents: George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Theodore Roosevelt, and Abraham Lincoln. The monument, conceived by master sculptor Gutzon Borglum, was begun in 1927 and took 14 years to complete. Mount Rushmore ranks as one of the great sculptures of the world, equal to the colossal figures of gods and kings found in Egyptian temples and tombs. The mountain is especially beautiful at dawn and sunset as the light of the new day and the onset of evening adds the drama of nature to the art of man.

Not far from Mount Rushmore another gargantuan sculpture is in progress. Located six miles north of Custer, South Dakota, depicting the Great Sioux chieftain Crazy Horse is the Crazy Horse Memorial. When completed it will rival Mount Rushmore in grandeur and stand proudly when compared to other great sculptures of the world. In 1946 Korczak Ziolkowski, the sculptor of this monument, was invited by the Sioux Indians to carve Crazy Horse into the sacred Black Hills. Although Ziolkowski died in 1982, his work is being continued by his wife who is currently supervising the completion of the sculpture. The face of Crazy Horse was completed and dedicated in 1998. At present, no one knows when the sculpture of Crazy Horse will be finished due to the uncertainty of financing. Though still far from completion, when finished , it will be the world's largest sculpture.

A trip to the United States would not be complete without viewing at least one of these monuments. Their size, scope and majesty stand as a testimony to both art and technology and the grandeur of America.

37. Where is Stone Mountain located?
a. Babylon, Louisiana
b. Atlanta, Georgia
c. near Mount Rushmore
d. Rapid City, South Dakota

38. From the top of his head to the tip of his horse's hooves, how tall is the figure of Robert E. Lee?
a. 138 feet
b. 183 feet
c. 138 meters
d. 183 meters

39. In which state is Mount Rushmore?
a. North Dakota
b. Georgia
c. Washington
d. South Dakota

40. Who was the architect and sculptor who conceived the idea for “The Shrine of Democracy”?
a. Walter K. Hancock
b. Gutzon Borglum
c. Korczak Ziolkowski
d. Chief Crazy Horse

41. The face of Crazy Horse was dedicated in what year?
a. 1969
b. 1998
c. 1946
d. 1982


American Food Trends

While some may still be dismissive of the current craze against high fructose corn syrup, chalking it up as just another food anti-fad much like the hysteria about carbohydrates in the 90's and saturated fat in the 80's, it can't be denied that the American diet is disproportionately full of processed sugars. An article in a major magazine discusses just how much of our diet is filled up with added sugars and processed vegetable fats. Even more frightening, the article documents how much more we're eating overall than we were forty years ago.

The average American in 1970 ate more dairy products than we do today. However, our consumption of fruits, vegetables, meats, grains, and sugars and fats has increased so much that it makes our individual weekly food load 1.8 pounds heavier today. And we are still not getting enough of the green stuff to make much of a nutritional impact. While we are eating a lot more chicken and fish than beef and lamb, consumption of items like corn sweetener and corn products, processed fats like cream cheese and sour cream , and cooking oils has skyrocketed. The numbers also don't reveal how many chicken breasts became chicken nuggets. The increase in eating does suggest a link with the rise in Americans' weight over the same period.

All of this only serves to corroborate a thesis put forth by the new generation of food scholars like Michael Pollan and Nina Planck: Americans are getting fatter because they're eating more processed sugars and carbohydrates, and still not enough fruits and veggies. Americans took the warnings about fat and cholesterol to heart, but then started eating more grains because they were "fat free". Instead of eating less and enjoying a variety of foods, we started eating more and more of the same thing which includes chicken, microwaveable meals , corn chips, bagels, breads and pastries.

Scientists have also begun to trace the link between portion sizes and increased obesity in the United States. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, between 1971 and 2000 American women increased the number of calories they consumed by 22 percent (from 1,542 to 1,877 per day), while men increased their intake by 7 percent (from 2,450 to 2,618 calories). Government recommendations, by contrast, are a mere 1,600 calories a day for women and 2,200 a day for men. Many of the additional calories consumed come from carbohydrates, which has led some scientists to agree with the theory that an increased emphasis on reducing saturated fat in diets is leading people to believe they can consume all the carbohydrates they want. Moreover, many more meals are now consumed outside the home, and serving sizes at national restaurant chains have become two to five times larger than they were in the 1970s. Cookbook publishers have followed suit by increasing portion sizes in recipes. During the thirty-year period covered by the study, obesity rates doubled, and two-thirds of Americans are now considered overweight.

42. According to the passage, in the 1980's one anti-food fad centered on:
a. high fructose corn syrup
b. carbohydrates
c. saturated fats
d. sugar

43. According to some food scholars:
a. Americans are eating too many fruits and vegetables
b. Americans are eating too few processed sugars and carbohydrates
c. Americans are losing weight due to their diets
d. Americans are getting fatter due to their diets

44. In 1970, Americans were eating:
a. fewer dairy products than they eat today
b. less food than they eat today
c. more calories than they eat today
d. outside the home more often than today

45. During the years between 1971 and 2000, American men increased their caloric intake by:
a. 7%
b. 22%
c. 1,600 calories
d. 2,200 calories

46. Today many more meals:
a. are healthier than ever before
b. are consumed outside the home
c. contain more fruits and vegetables
d. are not microwaveable

[royl]

十五道选择题答案

来源: http://www.dot.state.mn.us/hr/pdf/mathr ... letest.doc

这次试题是明尼苏达州政府测试技术人员阅读能力的练习题

Please read the selections below then, using only the information provided, choose the most correct answer to the question.

Hurricanes and Tornadoes

Two of the most dangerous storms which afflict America are hurricanes and tornadoes. Hurricanes, which usually develop between July and October, are similar to cyclones and originate over the waters in the Caribbean Sea. They move upward, hitting the mainland of America somewhere in the Gulf of Mexico or the Atlantic Ocean. Once they hit land they carry tremendous power with driving rain and wind. These winds can attain speeds of over 75 miles per hour and cover an area of over 500 miles in diameter. At the center of the storm there is an "eye" with relatively calm weather and dry air. The diameter of the eye is usually about 20 miles. When the eye passes, relief is temporary since the wind and rain reappear from the opposite direction.

Every year homes are destroyed by hurricanes and often lives are lost. People who live near the coast are often forced to evacuate their homes and to move to safer areas until the storm passes. Floods are caused along the coasts by both the heavy rain and a storm tide that is considerably above normal water level. The high winds, coastal flooding and torrential rains associated with a hurricane cause enormous damage.

Travel inland across the Great Plains and the prairie states of America and hurricanes are not an occurrence, but there is another kind of storm in the Midwest which is equally feared. That storm is a tornado. A tornado is defined as a violently rotating column of air extending from a thunderstorm to the ground. The most violent tornadoes are capable of tremendous destruction with wind speeds of 250 miles per hour or more. Damage paths can be in excess of one mile wide and 50 miles long. Once a tornado in Broken Bow , Oklahoma carried a motel sign 30 miles and dropped it in Arkansas! These storms occur most often during the summer months and are most frequent in the United States east of the Rocky Mountains and especially in the central plains area of the Mississippi basin where about 150 occur each year. Tornadoes may also strike the southern states in winter and have even been known to develop in the northeast.

Both hurricanes and tornadoes cause millions of dollars worth of damage each year. Today they can be predicted more easily than in the past, but they cannot be stopped or ignored. The best defense against these storms is to be prepared by developing a family disaster plan .

32. What are two of the most dangerous storms encountered in America?
a. thunderstorms and hurricanes
b. typhoons and thunderstorms
c. hurricanes and tornadoes
d. hurricanes and cyclones

33. What is the center of a hurricane called?
a. the eye
b. the middle
c. the interior
d. the fury

34. What is a major difference between a hurricane and a tornado?
a. hurricanes always cover a larger area
b. a tornado has more wind and speed
c. they occur during different seasons
d. tornadoes cause more damage

35. Which is true of both hurricanes and tornadoes?
a. they are easily controlled
b. they move slowly
c. they can now be predicted with greater accuracy
d. they often occur during winter months

36. Where do hurricanes usually develop?
a. in southwestern United States
b. in the Caribbean Sea
c. in the Atlantic Ocean off Bermuda
d. over mainland near water


Monuments in the Mountains

Throughout the ages man has carved colossal figures out of stone. These can be seen in the ancient ruins of Egypt, Persia and Babylon. In modern time, America has also taken up the challenge and has carved huge sculptures into mountains.

On the East Coast of the United States not far from Atlanta, Georgia stands Stone Mountain, the largest mass of exposed granite in the world. Carved into the side of this mountain are three tremendous equestrian figures. They are sculptures of Jefferson Davis, Robert E . Lee and "Stonewall” Jackson. This is a memorial to the Confederacy. The colossal figure of Lee alone measures 138 feet from the top of his head to the tip of his horse's hooves. To see these massive stone sculptures on the side of a mountain is both impressive and inspiring. This monument was commissioned in 1916 and was begun by Gutzon Borglum, the sculptor of Mount Rushmore, but was not completed until 1969 by Walter K. Hancock.

South Dakota's Black Hills provide the backdrop for Mount Rushmore, considered to be one of the great man-made wonders of the modern world. These 60-foot high faces, 500 feet up, look out over a setting of pine, spruce, birch, and aspen in the clear western air. The epic sculpture, called “The Shrine of Democracy”, features the faces of four exalted American presidents: George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Theodore Roosevelt, and Abraham Lincoln. The monument, conceived by master sculptor Gutzon Borglum, was begun in 1927 and took 14 years to complete. Mount Rushmore ranks as one of the great sculptures of the world, equal to the colossal figures of gods and kings found in Egyptian temples and tombs. The mountain is especially beautiful at dawn and sunset as the light of the new day and the onset of evening adds the drama of nature to the art of man.

Not far from Mount Rushmore another gargantuan sculpture is in progress. Located six miles north of Custer, South Dakota, depicting the Great Sioux chieftain Crazy Horse is the Crazy Horse Memorial. When completed it will rival Mount Rushmore in grandeur and stand proudly when compared to other great sculptures of the world. In 1946 Korczak Ziolkowski, the sculptor of this monument, was invited by the Sioux Indians to carve Crazy Horse into the sacred Black Hills. Although Ziolkowski died in 1982, his work is being continued by his wife who is currently supervising the completion of the sculpture. The face of Crazy Horse was completed and dedicated in 1998. At present, no one knows when the sculpture of Crazy Horse will be finished due to the uncertainty of financing. Though still far from completion, when finished , it will be the world's largest sculpture.

A trip to the United States would not be complete without viewing at least one of these monuments. Their size, scope and majesty stand as a testimony to both art and technology and the grandeur of America.

37. Where is Stone Mountain located?
a. Babylon, Louisiana
b. Atlanta, Georgia
c. near Mount Rushmore
d. Rapid City, South Dakota

38. From the top of his head to the tip of his horse's hooves, how tall is the figure of Robert E. Lee?
a. 138 feet
b. 183 feet
c. 138 meters
d. 183 meters

39. In which state is Mount Rushmore?
a. North Dakota
b. Georgia
c. Washington
d. South Dakota

40. Who was the architect and sculptor who conceived the idea for “The Shrine of Democracy”?
a. Walter K. Hancock
b. Gutzon Borglum
c. Korczak Ziolkowski
d. Chief Crazy Horse

41. The face of Crazy Horse was dedicated in what year?
a. 1969
b. 1998
c. 1946
d. 1982


American Food Trends

While some may still be dismissive of the current craze against high fructose corn syrup, chalking it up as just another food anti-fad much like the hysteria about carbohydrates in the 90's and saturated fat in the 80's, it can't be denied that the American diet is disproportionately full of processed sugars. An article in a major magazine discusses just how much of our diet is filled up with added sugars and processed vegetable fats. Even more frightening, the article documents how much more we're eating overall than we were forty years ago.

The average American in 1970 ate more dairy products than we do today. However, our consumption of fruits, vegetables, meats, grains, and sugars and fats has increased so much that it makes our individual weekly food load 1.8 pounds heavier today. And we are still not getting enough of the green stuff to make much of a nutritional impact. While we are eating a lot more chicken and fish than beef and lamb, consumption of items like corn sweetener and corn products, processed fats like cream cheese and sour cream , and cooking oils has skyrocketed. The numbers also don't reveal how many chicken breasts became chicken nuggets. The increase in eating does suggest a link with the rise in Americans' weight over the same period.

All of this only serves to corroborate a thesis put forth by the new generation of food scholars like Michael Pollan and Nina Planck: Americans are getting fatter because they're eating more processed sugars and carbohydrates, and still not enough fruits and veggies. Americans took the warnings about fat and cholesterol to heart, but then started eating more grains because they were "fat free". Instead of eating less and enjoying a variety of foods, we started eating more and more of the same thing which includes chicken, microwaveable meals , corn chips, bagels, breads and pastries.

Scientists have also begun to trace the link between portion sizes and increased obesity in the United States. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, between 1971 and 2000 American women increased the number of calories they consumed by 22 percent (from 1,542 to 1,877 per day), while men increased their intake by 7 percent (from 2,450 to 2,618 calories). Government recommendations, by contrast, are a mere 1,600 calories a day for women and 2,200 a day for men. Many of the additional calories consumed come from carbohydrates, which has led some scientists to agree with the theory that an increased emphasis on reducing saturated fat in diets is leading people to believe they can consume all the carbohydrates they want. Moreover, many more meals are now consumed outside the home, and serving sizes at national restaurant chains have become two to five times larger than they were in the 1970s. Cookbook publishers have followed suit by increasing portion sizes in recipes. During the thirty-year period covered by the study, obesity rates doubled, and two-thirds of Americans are now considered overweight.

42. According to the passage, in the 1980's one anti-food fad centered on:
a. high fructose corn syrup
b. carbohydrates
c. saturated fats
d. sugar

43. According to some food scholars:
a. Americans are eating too many fruits and vegetables
b. Americans are eating too few processed sugars and carbohydrates
c. Americans are losing weight due to their diets
d. Americans are getting fatter due to their diets

44. In 1970, Americans were eating:
a. fewer dairy products than they eat today
b. less food than they eat today
c. more calories than they eat today
d. outside the home more often than today

45. During the years between 1971 and 2000, American men increased their caloric intake by:
a. 7%
b. 22%
c. 1,600 calories
d. 2,200 calories

46. Today many more meals:
a. are healthier than ever before
b. are consumed outside the home
c. contain more fruits and vegetables
d. are not microwaveable