法律术语 2

[royl]

法律术语 2

01. Alford Doctrine
定义: 奥尔福德式认罪(被告同意政府有足够证据对他不利而认罪但坚持他没有犯罪)
例句: Williams pleaded guilty under the Alford doctrine, a judicial oxymoron that allows judges to accept guilty pleas though the defendants maintain their innocence. (威廉斯以奥尔福德式认罪, 这是一个让法官接受认罪但被告仍声称无辜的矛盾说法)

02. alimony
定义: (离婚官司前后应支付给前妻或前夫的)赡养费, 生活费
例句: I have never heard of a judge awarding alimony to an abusive ex-husband. (我从来没听说过一个法官判给一个虐待狂前夫赡养费的事情)

03. allegation
定义: (尚未证实的)指控, 控告
例句: Allegations remain assertions until they can be proved. (在它们被证实之前, 指控仍然是指称)

04. alleged …
定义: 被声称的..., 被指控的…
例句: Police say they were notified after the alleged victim told school officials about the incidents. (警方说他们在这个自称受害者告诉校方有关这些事故之后被通报)

05. alternate juror
定义: 后备陪审员
例句: The function of an alternate juror is to replace a regular juror who for some reason becomes unable to serve during the course of the trial. (后备陪审员的功能是替换一个在审理过程中因某种原因无法继续做下去的正式陪审员)

06. alternative detention program (ADP)
定义: 替代性拘留设施/计划
例句: The court may find the juvenile eligible for placement in an ADP. (这个法庭或许会判定这个少年犯符合被安置于一个替代性拘留设施的资格)

07. alternative dispute resolution (ADR)
定义: 替代性纠纷调解
例句: ADR provides a means of settling disputes that may avoid the cost, uncertainty and injury to business or personal relationships that frequently attend traditional litigation. (替代性纠纷调解提供一套排解纠纷的方式来避免经常出现在传统诉讼上的费用, 不确定性以及对商业或个人关系的伤害等问题)

08. alternative sanctions
定义: 替代性处分
例句: It was found that DWI offenders receiving the alternative sanctions experienced lower one-year recidivism rates than their comparison groups. (结果表明: 接受替代性处分的酒醉驾车犯者比他们的对照性群体所做出的一年累犯率还要低)

09. amicus curiae
定义: (法院之友)顾问
例句: Blogs, editorials, and other opinions are not considered as an actual amicus curiae in the sense that they do not submit materials to the Court and have no guarantee that they will be read. (就意义而言, 网志, 社论以及其他意见不被视为实际的法院之友因为他们并没把意见送交给法院而且无法保证被法官阅读)

10. amicus curiae brief/amicus brief
定义: (法院之友)顾问的讼状
例句: Amicus curiae briefs are a way to introduce broader implications, so that the possibly broad legal effects of court decisions will not depend solely on the parties directly involved in the case. (法院之友的讼状乃是一条引进更广泛影响的方法, 如此便不必仅凭直接参与当事人来造成可能影响更广泛的法院判决)

11. annulment
定义: 婚姻无效的法庭裁决
例句: Unlike divorce, annulment is usually retroactive, meaning that an annulled marriage is considered to be invalid from the beginning almost as if it had never taken place. (不同于离婚, 婚姻无效的裁决通常具有回溯性, 也就是一个被废除的婚姻关系从开始就被视为无效, 有如它从未发生过一样)

12. answer
定义: 答辩, 答辩书
例句: An answer is a written pleading filed by a defendant to respond to a complaint in a lawsuit filed and served upon that defendant. (答辩书是一份由被告提出的书面抗辩作为对一件被提出和送交给被告的诉讼控告的回应)

13. appeal
定义: 上诉请求, 上诉, 上诉书
例句: Issues not raised at trial cannot be raised in the appeal. The appellate court reviews the lower court's application of the law to the facts as presented at trial. (没有在审理中提出的争议不可以在上诉书提起. 上诉法庭只审查下级法庭对审理中出现的事实及证据的法律运用)

14. appeal bond
定义: 上诉费用保证金(如果上诉失败用来赔偿对方)
例句: If the appellee is successful and the appellant fails to pay the appeal bond, its amount is determined by the court itself or by statute. (如果被上诉人胜诉以及上诉人还没有付出上诉费用保证金的话, 这个保证金额由法庭或法规自行决定)

15. appearance
定义: 出庭; (向法院提出的)出庭资料表格
例句: Misdemeanors, felonies, and warrants all require a mandatory court appearance. (犯下轻罪, 重罪以及收到拘捕令的人都必须强制性地出庭)

16. appellant
定义: 上诉人, 上​​诉一方
例句: A reversal of a decision means that the appellate court agrees with the appellant that the decision was erroneously made. (一个判决的撤销意味着上诉法庭同意上诉人有关地院的判决是错误的)

17. appellate
定义: 受理上诉的法庭
例句: When a decision is affirmed, the appellate court accepts the decision of the lower court and rejects the appellant's contention that it was erroneously made. (当高院同意地院的判决时, 这个上诉法庭接受下级法庭的决定并且驳回上诉人认为判决错误的争论)

18. appellee
定义: 被告, 被上诉人
例句: The appellant and appellee must file individual briefs to aid the appellate court in its consideration of the issues presented. (上诉人与被上诉人必须提出个别的辩护状来协助上诉法庭审议被提出的争议)

19. arbitration
定义: 仲裁
例句: Arbitration is like a trial in that the determination of a dispute is reached by an independent third party. (仲裁有如法院审理一样地由独立的第三者来做出调解纠纷的决定)

20. arraignment
定义: 传讯并被要求认罪或抗辩, 提讯
例句: Arraignment is the first step in a criminal proceeding. During an arraignment, a defendant appears to be advised of the charges and enter a plea: guilty or not guilty. (传讯是刑事诉讼程序的第一步骤. 在传讯中,一名出庭的被告被通知指控的项目以及提出答辩: 有罪或无罪)