法律术语 7

[royl]

法律术语 7

01. closing argument
定义: 终结辩论
例句: A closing argument occurs after the presentation of evidence by both parties. It may not contain any new information and may only use evidence introduced at trial. (终结辩论出现于两造提出证据之后. 它不允许包含任何新资料,只允许使用在审理中所引用的证据)

02. collat​​eral
定义: 债务抵押物, 债务担保物
例句: The value of collat​​eral is not based on the market value. It is discounted to take into account the value that would be lost if the assets had to be liquidated. (债务抵押物的价值并不以市场价值为依据. 由于考虑到如果这个资产必须被出售来清偿债务它的价值会损失, 因此担保物价值被打折扣)

03. common discovery devices
定义: 常用的采取证据手段
例句: A discovery process may be used to uncovering the truth, crystallizing the evidence for trial, and setting the stage for settlement before trial. One of the common discovery devices is deposition. (一个采证手段可以用来发掘真相, 具体化审讯证据, 准备好审前和解. 常用的采取证据手段之一是宣誓作证)

04. common law
定义: 判例法, 先例法, 不成为法(以判例发展法律的法律系统)
例句: In cases where the parties disagree on what the law is, a common law court looks to past precedential decisions of relevant courts. (在当事人对法律解释有分歧的情况下, 一个判例法庭会审查过去的相关法庭所做出的先例判决)

05. community service
定义: 社区服务, 社区义务服务
例句: In the criminal law area, community service refers to a form of sentencing involving an activity that benefits the community to compensate for harm done. (在刑事法领域, 社区服务属于判刑的一部分, 包括一个犯罪人以补偿伤害方式来造福社区的活动)

06. commutation
定义: 减刑
例句: Unlike a pardon, a commutation, involves the reduction of legal penalties, does not nullify the conviction and is often conditional. (不同于赦免, 一个减刑, 虽涉及减轻法律处分, 并不废除其定罪记录而且多半是有条件的)

07. complaint
定义: 诉状, 控告
例句: A complaint is legal document that sets a lawsuit into motion. (诉状是一份启动诉讼程序的法律文件)

08. complex litigation
定义: (涉及多角诉讼, 大量金钱, 冗长时间等)复杂诉讼
例句: Increasingly, complex litigation involves related cases brought in both federal and state courts. Such litigation often involves mass torts. (越来越多地, 复杂诉讼有关的案件涌入联邦和州政府法院. 此类的诉讼大多涉及大规模侵权行为)

09. concurrent sentence
定义: 数罪合并服刑判决, 同时进行服刑(例: 两个五年判刑和一个三年判刑只需最多服刑五年)
例句: A concurrent sentence in which the period of imprisonment equals the length of the longest sentence, or somewhere in between, sometimes subject to a cap. (一件合并服刑判决的刑期等于被判的最长刑期, 或等于其中某一个刑期, 有时它受到一个刑期限制)

10. conditional discharge
定义: 有条件的结案/撤销/释放
例句: You have to tell your employer the details of your conditional discharge. That way, when it shows up on the background check, the employer won't be surprised. (你必须要告知你的雇主你的有条件的结案细节. 如此, 当它出现在雇用背景调查时, 你的雇主不会感到意外)

11. confirmation
定义: (破产重整计划的)批准
例句: At the confirmation hearing, your counsel will go before the federal bankruptcy judge and advocate on your behalf for you plan to be confirmed. (于批准的听审会中, 你的律师将出席联邦破产法庭并代表你为你的重整计划辩护力求被批准)

12. consecutive sentence
定义: 连续服刑判刑, 连续不断地服刑(例: 两个五年和一个三年判刑最多要服十三年刑)
例句: Those imprisoned for multiple crimes will serve a consecutive sentence in which the period of imprisonment equals the sum of all the sentences. (那些因多桩犯罪而服刑的人将服一个连续判刑其刑期等于所有判刑的总和)

13. consumer bankruptcy
定义: 消费者破产案件
例句: Consumer bankruptcy laws are designed to give people who are struggling under the weight of an overwhelming debt load a fresh start. (消费者破产法乃是为了给予处于压倒性债务重担下的人们一个重新开始的机会而设计的)

14. consumer debts
定义: 消费者债务
例句: The most common forms of consumer debt are credit card debt, payday loans, and other consumer finance. (最常见的消费者债务形成是信用卡债, 以薪水抵押的现金预支贷款, 与其他的消费者融资)

15. contempt of court
定义: 藐视法庭
例句: A contempt of court finding may result from a failure to obey a court order, showing disrespect for the judge, disruption of the proceedings, or publication of material deemed to jeopardize a fair trial. (藐视法庭裁决可能起因于不遵守法院命令, 藐视法官, 扰乱诉讼进行, 或发表被视为破坏公平审理的材料)

16. contingent claim
定义: 视情况而定的求偿, 索赔
例句: A contingent claim can be made where the debtor is a cosigner on another person's loan and that person fails to pay. (当这名债务人成为另一人的贷款联署人而且那个人未能履行偿还义务的情况下,视情况而定的求偿可以提出)

17. continuance
定义: 延期并择日再审
例句: If you have a court hearing scheduled and you will not be able to be there, you can make your written request for continuance at least a week in advance of the trial date. (如果你的出庭日期已经排定而你无法准时出庭的话, 你可以在审讯日起码一个星期以前提出你择日再审的书面请求)

18. contract
定义: 契约, 合同
例句: A contract is a legally binding agreement, either in oral or written form, involving people or businesses, that sets forth what the parties will or will not do. (不论是口头或是书面形式, 契约是一份法律上有约束力的协议, 涉及了私人或商业组织, 阐明了什么是当事人该做或不该做的权利或义务)

19. conviction
定义: 定罪
例句: A conviction is a finding by a judge or jury that the defendant who has been on trial is guilty of the crime with which he or she was charged. (一个定罪是一个法官或陪审团对于这个被审理的被告基于他/她被起诉的罪名所做出的有罪裁决. 注: 定罪与判刑是两个不同的法律程序, 请勿混淆)

20. corpus delicti
定义: 犯罪的物件证据, 犯罪事实
例句: The murderer believed that without a corpse the murder could not be proven because there was no corpus delicti. He misinterpreted "corpus" as a literal "body" rather than a figurative one. (这名谋杀者以为缺乏一具尸体这件谋杀案无法被证实因为没有犯罪证据. 他误解"corpus"为字面上的"尸体"其实它是个象征性字眼)