法律术语 10

[royl]

法律术语 10

01. dischargeable debt
定义: 可解除的债务
例句: Among your debts, only your debts that arose before the date of filing for Chapter 7 will be discharged. (在你的债务中, 只有在你申请第七章破产保护日期之前的债务将会被解除)

02. disclosure statement
定义: (第十一章破产法债务人)披露声明/清单(以便让债权人评估)
例句: A disclosure statement prepared by a debtor in a chapter 11 bankruptcy petition provides the court and creditors with the reorganization plan by giving information of the current state of the company. (由申请第十一章破产法债务人所准备的披露清单以他公司现况资料提供法院和债权人其重整计划)

03. admission
定义: 证据确认或承认
例句: In civil cases, each party is permitted to submit a written list of alleged facts and request the other party to admit or deny whether each is true or correct. (于民事案件中, 双方当事人被允许提出书面列举的指控证据并要求对方承认或否认每一件指控是否属实)

04. discovery
定义: 搜证程序, 开庭前由诉讼一方要求另一方提供证据或文件的程序
例句: Discovery is a pre-trial phase in which each party can obtain evidence from the other party with requests for answers to interrogatories, production of documents, admissions and depositions. (搜证程序是审前一道手续, 双方当事人可以要求对方提供质询答覆, 文件提供, 证据确认和宣誓作证等证据)

05. dismissal
定义: 驳回诉讼, 撤销诉讼
例句: A motion for dismissal is an application by a defendant in a lawsuit asking the judge to rule that the plaintiff or the prosecution has not and cannot prove its case. (一件撤销诉讼动议是诉讼案件之被告所提出的申请,要求法官做出原告或检方尚未或无法证实这件案子的裁决)

06. dismissal with prejudice
定义: (不允许原告再提起相同诉讼之)诉讼驳回
例句: If a lawsuit is dismissed with prejudice, the court says that it has made a final decision on the merits of the case, and the plaintiff is forbidden to file another suit based on the same grounds. (当本案被不准再提告地驳回, 法院表明了它已经基于本案的优质做了最后裁决, 并禁止原告再使用相同法律基础提出告诉)

07. dismissal without prejudice
定义: (允许原告随后再提起相同诉讼之)诉讼驳回
例句: When a case is dismissed without prejudice, it leaves the plaintiff free to bring another suit based on the same grounds. (当本案被允许再提告地驳回, 它准许被告使用相同法律基础再次提出告诉)

08. disposable income
定义: (债务人的超出基本开支的)可支配收入
例句: Disposable income is the amount that the new bankruptcy law deems available to pay into a Chapter 13 plan. (可支配收入是一个金额数字被新破产法视为可以用来支付第十三章破产计划的债务清偿)

09. dispose
定义: 结案, 结束司法程序; 转让财产
例句: A summary judgment is a procedural device used during civil litigation to promptly and expeditiously dispose of a case without a trial. (即决审判是一个用于民事诉讼的程序机制以便不需审讯而迅速有效率地结束一件案子)

10. disposition
定义: 结案, 司法程序结束; 财产转让
例句: The person making the disposition, most often though a will, retains ownership of the property until his/he​​r death, at which time the property is transferred to the beneficiary. (财产转让者, 大多经由遗嘱, 在他/她死亡之前仍拥有财产所有权, 死亡之后, 其财产被转让给其受益人)

11. dissolution
定义: 婚姻解除/法定离婚, 契约解除, 公司解散
例句: Dissolution is the last stage of liquidation, the process by which the company is brought to an end, and the assets and property of the company redistributed. (公司解散是停业清理的最后步骤, 由此公司所发起的手续到此结束, 公司的资产与财物被重新分配)

12. diversionary programs
定义: (多用于初犯者)犯罪人更生辅导程序/计划
例句: Diversionary programs are less costly than sending a case through court. It gives the defendant the opportunity to compensate victims by means of community service. (犯罪人更生辅导计划比经由法院诉讼更省钱. 它给予被告一个以社区义务服务来补偿受害人的机会)

13. docket
定义: 待审案件日程表; 法院判决摘要目录; 法院案卷全套历史记录
例句: Docket is also sometimes used to refer to a court calendar, the schedule of the appearances, arguments and hearings of a court. (Docket有时候也用来作为一个法庭的日程表, 也就是一个法庭的出庭, 辩论,以及聆讯的日程安排)

14. docket number
定义: 法院案卷编号
例句: A judge or a party in a case can use the docket number to retrieve the history of a case. (一名诉讼案件的法官或当事人可以使用案卷编号来搜寻一个案卷的历史记录)

15. domicile
定义: 永久性地址, 永久性住处
例句: A person can retain the domicile in a jurisdiction even af​​ter they have left it, if they have maintained sufficient links with the jurisdiction or have not showed an intention to leave permanently. (如果他仍保持与辖区充份关系或尚未显示出永久离开的意图, 即使离开后, 一个人仍可以保有此司法辖区的永久性住处)

16. drug court
定义: 毒品犯罪法庭
例句: Recidivism rates for offenders who have graduated from Drug Courts have been consistently proven to be lower than recidivism rates of offenders who did not take part in a Drug Court program. (完成毒品法庭辅导犯者的累犯率持续地被证明低于未参与毒品法庭辅导犯者的累犯率)

17. drug paraphernalia
定义: 吸食或施打毒品工具
例句: Today, law enforcement faces another challenge. With the advent of the Internet, drug paraphernalia sellers have greatly expanded their sales to a worldwide market. (现今, 执法单位面临了另一个挑战. 由于互联网的出现, 吸食毒品工具供应商已大幅地扩大他们的全球性市场销售)

18. due process
定义: 程序正义, 公平公正法律程序
例句: Due process of law is the administration of justice in accordance with established rules and principles. (程序正义是依据既定的法规与原则来执行司法工作)

19. DUI/driving under the influence; DWI/driving while intoxicated
定义: 酒醉驾车
例句: DUI is the act of driving a motor vehicle with blood levels of alcohol in excess of a legal limit. (酒醉驾车乃是一个驾驶机动车辆时血液含酒精程度超过法定限制的行为)

20. duress
定义: 强迫; 胁迫
例句: In criminal law, a duress defense is similar to a plea of​​ guilty, admitting partial culpability, so that if the defense is not accepted then the criminal act is admitted. (于刑法里, 一个被人胁迫的辩护与认罪相似, 也就是承认部分刑责, 因此如果这个辩护不被接受的话, 这个犯罪行为已经被确认)