法律术语 11

[royl]

法律术语 11

01. ejectme​​nt
定义: (驱逐声称财产所有权者)收回不动产之诉讼
例句: An ejectme​​nt lawsuit is not the same as an eviction suit because it is against someone who has wrongfully tried to claim title to the property. (由于它反对某人试图违法声称财产所有权, 收回不动​​产官司与驱逐房客官司并不一样)

02. electronic monitoring
定义: (对缓刑犯居家监禁的)电子监控
例句: Electronic monitoring is a form of surveillance consisting of an electronic device attached to a person or his vehicle, especially certain criminals, allowing their whereabouts to be monitored. (电子监控是一种针对某人, 尤其某些罪犯, 在其身上或交通工具上装设电子器材以便核实其行踪的监视方式)

03. emancipated minor
定义: 享有成年人权利的未成年人. (注: 意指给予未成年人成年人的权利)
例句: Emancipated minor is a formal legal status that must be declared by a court of law. Simply moving out of your parents' household does not count. (未成年人享有成年人权利必须是一个由法院认可的正式合法身份.仅仅迁出父母的住所并不等同取得这个身份)

04. eminent domain
定义: (政府对不经私人同意私产之)征用权
例句: The exercise of eminent domain is not limited to real property. Governments may also condemn personal property. (政府行使征用权不限于不动产上. 政府也可以征用动产)

05. en banc/in banc
定义: 全体法官出庭审理; 大法庭, 高等法庭全体法官出庭审理(上诉案件)
例句: En banc is often used for unusually complex cases or cases considered to be of greater importance. (全体法官出庭审理经常用于审理不寻常的复杂案件或被视为具有重大意义的案件)

06. enter a judgment
定义: 正式记录下法官的判决; 做出判决
例句: If the jury has failed to return a verdict, the court may enter a judgment of acquittal. (如果这个陪审团无法达成一致裁决的话, 这个法庭可以做出无罪的判决)

07. entrapment
定义: (被告使用的辩护)政府诱人犯罪的行为
例句: Entrapment is a defense to criminal charges when it is established that he/she was induced by government agents or officials to commit a crime that he/she was not disposed to commit. (政府诱人犯罪是一个刑事控告的辩护用来证明他/她被政府特工或官员诱导犯罪而他/她本身并无犯意)

08. equitable
定义: (诉求)公平合理的(而非诉求依法审理的); 对等的非金钱补偿
例句: If someone has embezzled money from a business, the business might sue and ask the court for an equitable lien on the embezzler's property. (如果某人挪用公司公款的话, 这家公司可以控告并要求法院允许一个加诸于侵占公款者对等的财产扣押权)

09. equity
定义: 公平合理裁决(用来弥补普通法之外的补偿法则), 对等的非金钱补偿; 资产净值
例句: The most common civil remedy a court of law can award is monetary damages. Equity, however, enters injunctions or decrees directing someone either to act or to forbear from acting. (法院最常用的民事补偿就是判予金钱赔偿. 非金钱补偿却是发出强制令或勒令某人做出或禁止做出某行为之法令)

10. eviction
定义: 逐出房客, 收回房产
例句: To remove a tenant from rental property by a law enforcement officer, the landlord must file and win an eviction lawsuit first. (如果要动用执法官员驱逐一个租赁房产的房客, 房东必须事先要提出告诉并赢得逐出房客的官司)

11. evidence
定义: 证据, 人证或物证
例句: Federal Rule of Evidence allows parties to present all of the evidence that bears on the issue to be decided, and keeps out all evidence that is immaterial or that lacks probative value. (联邦证据法允许当事人提出所有与本案有关的证据, 不受理所有与本案无关或缺乏证据力的证据)

12. ex parte
定义: 单方面的, 片面的
例句: An ex parte decision is one decided by a judge without requiring all of the parties to the controversy to be present. (片面裁决是一个由法官在没有要求所有涉及纷争当事人出庭的情况下所做出的决定)

13. exc​​eption
定义: 反对(法官裁决), 异议; 例外, 不包括在契约之内事或物
例句: In modern practice, it is not necessary "to take exception" to a judge's adverse ruling since it is assumed that the attorney against whom the ruling is made objects. (以现代的做法来说, 对于法官所做出的不利裁决不需要"提出异议"因为被不利判决的律师会理所当然地反对这个决定)

14. exc​​ited utterance
定义: (事件发生时所发出的)受刺激下之话语(不被视为传闻)
例句: An excited utterance does not have to be made at time of the startling event, but must be made while the declarant is still in a state of shock from the incident. (受刺激下之话语并不需要在此令人吃惊事件发生的当时说出, 但发话人必须在仍处于此事件所引发震惊的时刻说出)

15. exc​​lusionary rule
定义: (美国宪法第四与第五和第六修正案保障个人权益的)违法采证, 不可以接受的法规
例句: The exclusionary rule is grounded in the Fourth Amendment and it is intended to protect citizens from illegal searches and seizures. (违法采证法规乃是基于宪法第四修正案所订立的, 此法立意为保护民众不受非法搜查和没收)

16. exc​​lusive jurisdiction
定义: 专属司法管辖权
例句: If a court has been granted exclusive jurisdiction over cases relating to a particular subject matter, no other court is able to entertain cases concerning that particular subject. (如果一个法庭被授予某些与特定争议有关案件的专属司法管辖权, 其他法庭则被禁止对此争议有关案件表示关注)

17. exc​​ulpatory clause
定义: 可开脱责任的条款(必须在合理的情况下才被法院接受)
例句: Most states have laws that void exculpatory clauses which absolve the landlord from responsibility for all damages, injuries or losses occurring on the property in rental agreements. (大多数州已立法废除可开脱责任条款, 也就是列于租约上免除房东在其租屋内所有发生的损害, 伤害或损失责任的条款)

18. exc​​ulpatory evidence
定义: 证明被告无辜的证据
例句: In the United States, police or prosecutor are not required to disclose to the defendant any exculpatory evidence they possess before the defendant makes a plea. (在美国, 在被告做出有罪或无罪答辩之前, 警方或检方并无必要告知被告他们所掌握的任何证明被告无辜的证据)

19. execution suspended
定义: 暂缓执行(全部或部分的刑罚)
例句: The defendant pleaded guilty to possession of narcotics with intent to sell and was sentenced to a term of ten years imprisonment, execution suspended after two years, and five years probation. (这名被告承认持有毒品并有意销售的指控,被判十年徒刑, 服毕两年后缓刑, 以及五年缓刑)
编者注: 这里的execution suspended和probation都是缓刑. 它们之间的差异是:
Execution suspended, 判予犯轻罪者或初犯者; 可以受到宽松条件或无条件限制; 如果被告违反缓刑条件则其缓刑被取消并可能服刑
Probation, 大多判予重罪犯者; 除了严格条件和被限制活动于司法管辖区内之外还要接受监督官员定期监控; 如果缓刑犯违反缓刑限制则其缓刑被取消并由法官衡量违反限制的情节再度判决

20. executory contracts
定义: (债务人有选择的)待履行的契约,
例句: John has orally agreed to buy Tom's land, and Tom's attorney has drafted a contract. At this stage, it is an executory contract because neither John nor Tom has signed it. (约翰口头上同意购买汤姆土地, 汤姆的律师已经拟好一份契约. 在这个时候, 它是份待履行契约因为约翰和汤姆都没签署它)