法律术语 12

[royl]

法律术语 12

01. exempt assets / exempt property
定义: (债务人)可豁免清算或可保留的资产
例句: Debtor's exempt assets are free from claims of a creditor who do not have a lien on the property. (债务人之可保留资产可免于不拥有此财产抵押权的债权人索赔)

02. exhibit
定义: 证据展示
例句: Legal exhibits are commonly used by trial attorneys in personal injury cases to maximize the value of the case, enhance settlement negotiations and maximize trial presentation. (法庭的证据展示一般被出庭律师使用于人身伤害案件以便将此案件价值增至最大限度, 强化和解协商并力求法庭上最大说服力)

03. expert witness
定义: 专家证人
例句: Expert witnesses may deliver evidence about facts from the domain of their expertise. Their testimony may be rebutted with a learned treatise, sometimes to the detriment of their reputations. (专家证人可以提供其专业领域的事实证据. 他们的证词也许会被专业论文所驳斥, 有时候会伤害其声望)

04. expungement of record
定义: 犯罪记录消除
例句: An expungement of record is a process by which the record of criminal conviction is destroyed or sealed after the expiration of time. It is a civil process even though it deals with a criminal matter. (犯罪记录消除是一个刑事定罪记录过期后被销毁或封存的处理. 虽然它与刑事案件有关但它是一件民事手续)

05. face sheet filing
定义: 紧急破产申请. (注: 意指没有偿债时间表, 不完全债权人列表的仓促破产申请, 主要用来不被房东赶出或没收财产的法院紧急保护)
例句: Face sheet filing offers protection from immediate eviction and foreclosure. (紧急破产申请给予债务人立即的房客逐出与房地产被收回拍卖的豁免保护)

06. failure to appear (FTA)
定义: 不出庭罪; 不向法院提出的出庭资料表格
例句: If you missed your court date for either a criminal or traffic citation, you are in failure to appear status and a bench warrant may be issued for your arrest. (如果你错过了你刑事案件或交通罚单的出庭日, 你的身份被判定为不出庭罪, 法院将发出拘票来逮捕你)

07. fair preponderance
定义: 合理的证据优势
例句: Fair preponderance is the evidence sufficient to create a belief in the minds of jury or judge that a party who bears the burden of proof has established his/he​​r case. (合理证据优势是一份足以造成陪审团或法官相信这名负有举证责任的当事人已经明确地提出他/她自己辩护的证据)

08. family court
定义: (专门处理家庭纠纷的)家事法庭
例句: A family court only considers family-related issues such as divorce, child custody and support, adoption, and the issuance of restraining orders in domestic violence cases. (家事法庭专门审理家庭有关的纠纷, 例如离婚, 子女监护与抚养, 领养, 以及发出家暴案件的禁制令)

09. family farmer / family fisherman
定义: (符合十二章破产法负债上限规定的)家庭农民或渔民
例句: Chapter 12 is a little known part of the Bankruptcy Code that can be exceptionally helpful to family farmers and family fishermen. (十二章破产法是个鲜为人知的破产法规, 它对家庭农民或家庭渔民能够有极大助益)

10. family relations counselor
定义: (由法官要求的调停家庭纠纷, 抚养权, 探望子女, 离婚的)家庭关系辅导人
例句: Family Relations Counselor is a person who mediates disagreements and negotiates agreements in the matters of custody, visitation and divorce cases. (家庭关系辅导人的工作是针对子女抚养权, 探望权与离婚等案件所引发的纷歧仲裁与共识协商)

11. federal public defender
定义: 联邦公设辩护人
例句: There is a federal public defender in each federal judicial district, and some states have a state public defender to supervise the provision of attorneys to convicted indigents for appeals. (每个联邦司法管辖区里都设有联邦公设辩护人, 有些州也有州公设辩护人来管理替穷困被判罪者上诉律师的供应)

12. federal question jurisdiction
定义: 联邦问题的初审权
例句: In order for federal question jurisdiction to exist, the cause of action must arise under federal law. (为了使联邦问题初审权确立, 这件案子的起诉法理依据必须归属于联邦法律之内)

13. felony
定义: (起码监禁一年​​的)重罪
例句: A felony, as contrasted with lesser crimes such as misdemeanors and infractions, is usually punishable by a prison term of more than one year or, in some cases, by death. (跟轻罪和违规等较轻的罪行相比, 重罪一般可处一年以上徒刑, 在某些案件里, 可处以死刑)

14. felony murder
定义: 重罪谋杀, 在犯重罪时同时也犯下杀人重罪
例句: Felony murder is usually considered first-degree murder that occurs in the commission of a serious felony such as burglary or sexual battery. (重罪谋杀通常被视为一级谋杀罪, 它发生于例如盗窃或性侵等严重犯罪时所犯下的谋杀)

15. fiduciary
定义: 信托的; 受信托者
例句: A fiduciary is a person or a business, like a bank or stock brokerage, who has the power and obligation to act for its beneficiary, under circumstances which require total trust. (在要求完全信任情况下, 受信托者是一个私人或像银行或证券商之类的企业被受益人授予权力与责任)

16. fiduciary duty
定义: 信托责任, 诚信义务, 受信责任
例句: Breach of fiduciary duty by a lawyer with regard to a client, if negligent, may be sued for legal malpractice; if intentional, it may be remedied in equity. (受客户授权的律师所造成的信托责任违反, 如因职务疏失, 可以法律过失控告; 如果是故意的话, 可以对等补偿纠正)

17. file
定义: 提出(诉讼), 申请法律文件备案
例句: The party filing the complaint is usually called the plaintiff and the party against whom the complaint is filed is called the defendant. (提出控告的当事人通常被称为原告, 被控告的当事人被称之为被告)

18. filicide
定义: 弑子/女谋杀, 谋杀亲子者
例句: People who commit filicide, the killing of their own child, are no more psychotically disordered than other homicide offenders. (谋杀亲子者的精神病态并不比其他杀人罪犯更严重)

19. financial affidavit
定义: 资产负债列表宣誓书
例句: A financial affidavit is filed in all cases involving child support, post-separation and alimony. (一份资产负债列表宣誓书被提出于与所有子女抚养费, 分居后和赡养费有关的案件里)

20. finding
定义: 决定, 裁决, 判决
例句: A finding is a determination of a factual question vital to a decision in a case by the trier of fact after a trial of a lawsuit. (一个finding是一个由陪审团或法官对一个案件至关重要的真相或虚构之间的抉择之后所做出的裁决)