法律术语 15

[royl]

法律术语 15

01. inter alia
定义: 除了其他事项之外
例句: In summing-up the judge said, inter alia, that the defense had presented a strong argument for dismissal of the case. (于总结致词上法官说, 除了其他事项之外, 辩方已经提出一套有利于驳回这件案子的强而有力论据)

02. interlocutory
定义: 暂时, 进行中的
例句: When the case is concluded, any aspect of an interlocutory order that has not become moot may be challenged in an appeal. (当这件案子终结之时, 任何暂时的悬而未决的法院命令仍然可以在上诉法庭上提出质疑)

03. interrogatory
定义: (一方当事人向对方当事人提出的书面问题)质询书(以便澄清事实以及筛选将要在法庭上提出什么事实)
例句: Interrogatories, also known as requests for further information, are a formal set of written questions propounded by one litigant and required to be answered by an adversary. (质询书, 亦称为进一步资料书面要求, 是一套被一方诉讼当事人提出的正式书面问题, 而且必须被对方回答)

04. intoxicated / intoxication
定义: 酒醉, 喝醉
例句: In the US, people can be arrested for public intoxication; there are also legal penalties for the sale of alcoholic beverages to intoxicated persons. (在美国, 公众前醉酒的人可以被拘捕; 卖酒精饮料给已经酒醉的人也会受到法律制裁)

05. investigatory / investigative grand jury
定义: 调查犯罪的大陪审团
例句: An investigatory grand jury differs from a traditional accusatory grand jury in the federal system. Federal prosecutors must obtain a grand jury indictment before proceeding with prosecution. (联邦系统的调查犯罪大陪审团与传统的提出控告大陪审团不同.联邦检察官必须先取得大陪审团告发才可以进行起诉)

06. involuntary manslaughter
定义: 过失杀人
例句: In Pennsylvania, if a person is so reckless as to manifest extreme indifference to human life, the defendant may be guilty of aggravated assault as well as of involuntary manslaughter. (于宾州, 如果某人无所顾忌到了表现出对人命极端漠视的程度时, 这名被告可能被判加重伤害罪以及过失杀人罪)

07. irrelevant
定义: 与本案无关的(证据)
例句: If the officer fails to conduct the Field Sobriety Tests properly, then the tests may be deemed irrelevant, unreliable, and may ultimately be inadmissible in court. (如果这名警官未能适当地进行现场酒测, 则这些测试会被视为与本案无关, 不可靠, 也许最后被法庭判为不予采信的证据)

08. irretrievable breakdown
定义: 无法挽回的婚姻破裂
例句: As a ground for divorce, irretrievable breakdown is when you and your spouse agree that the marriage is broken and there's no chance of fixing it. (作为离婚的一个充分理由, 无法挽回的婚姻破裂发生于当你与你的配偶同意这个婚姻已经破裂以及无法再复合)

09. issue
定义: 诉讼争议, 法律纠纷; (法院)发出命令
例句: In most states, you must file an application to put an issue before a judge for a ruling. The application has to be made through a motion or an order to show cause. (在多数州, 你必须提出将某法律纠纷带到法官面前判决的申请书. 这份申请必须经由动议或法官命令来提出正当提告理由)

10. joint administration
定义: (没有利益冲突的数个案件)共同管理或处分
例句: Joint administration of a bankruptcy case is a procedural tool permitting use of a single docket for administrative matters that may aid in expediting the cases. (破产案件共同处分是一个程序工具允许将多项行政事务置于某单一案件内,如此可以帮助案件的加速处理)

11. joint petition
定义: (夫妻破产或离婚)共同申请书, 共同诉状
例句: Due to an irretrievable breakdown, when both parties want the court to dissolve the marriage, the parties may file a joint petition to request the court to grant the divorce. (由于无法挽回的婚姻破裂, 当两造当事人希望这个法庭结束这段婚姻关系, 当事人可以提出共同诉状, 要求法院准许离婚)

12. judge
定义: 法官
例句: Throughout the United States, a judge is addressed as "Your Honor" or "Judge" when presiding over the court. (遍及全美国, 一名主持审理的法官被称呼为"Your Honor"或"Judge")

13. judgment
定义: 判决, 裁决
例句: The entry of judgment is the final order made by the court in the case, leaving no further action to be taken by the court with respect to the issues contested by the parties to the lawsuit. (正式宣布的裁决是法庭对此案件做出的最终判决, 对于此官司当事人所争讼的争议来说, 法院不会再做进一步的行动)

14. judicial discretion
定义: 司法裁量权
例句: Where appropriate, judicial discretion allows a judge to decide a legal case or matter within a range of possible decisions. (在适当行使职权的情况下, 司法裁量权允许法官在一定范围内拥有多个判决选择来裁决某一案件或事务)

15. judicial district (JD)
定义: 司法辖区
例句: In the US, there are 94 federal judicial districts, including at least one district in each state, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico. (在美国, 一共有九十四个联邦司法辖区, 包括每一州, 哥伦比亚特区以及波多黎各起码设有一个辖区)

16. jump bail / skip bail
定义: 弃保潜逃
例句: A person who jumps bail gives up the amount of his posted bail. At that point the court will revoke the bail and issue a warrant for the defendant's arrest. (一个弃保潜逃的人等同放弃了他所缴付的保释金. 在这个时刻, 法院将会撤销他的保释, 并发出对此被告的逮捕令)

17. jurisdiction
定义: 司法管辖权, 审判权
例句: Plaintiff's petition clearly falls outside the jurisdiction of this court. Therefore, plaintiff's claim is hereby, dismissed, with prejudice. (原告的诉状明显地不属于这个法院的司法管辖权之内. 因此, 原告的索赔要求特此被驳回, 并不允许原告再提起相同的诉讼)

18. juror
定义: 陪审员
例句: Juries are composed of jurors, also sometimes known as jurymen, who are by definition layman finders of fact, not professionals. (陪审团是由陪审员所组成的, 另外有时候陪审员被称为jurymen, 在定义上, 陪审员是外行的实情调查者, 并非专业人士)

18. jury
定义: 陪审团
例句: The role of the jury is to a finder of fact, and will render a verdict on the defendant's guilt, or civil liability. (陪审团的角色是实情调查者, 并将交付对被告有罪或民事责任的判决)

20. jury charge / jury instructions
定义: 法官给予陪审团有关法律的指示
例句: Jury's job is to sort through disputed accounts presented in evidence. Jury instructions can be important in guiding the jury how to consider certain evidence. (陪审团是厘清作为证据的有争议性案情叙述. 给陪审团的指示对于陪审团考量某个证据的指导具有重要性)