01. jury commissioner
定义: 陪审团委员, (编制陪审员名册, 甄选, 通知陪审员的)法院官员
例句: Jury commissioner is an officer of the court having administrative duties. S/he is responsible for choosing the panel of persons to serve as potential jurors for a particular court term. (陪审团委员是个法院高级职员. 她/他的职责是甄选一群公民作为某一法庭审理期间的候选陪审员)
02. juvenile court
定义: 少年法庭
例句: The Supreme Court held that a juvenile must be afforded due process rights, specifically that a waiver of jurisdiction from a juvenile court to a district court must be voluntary and knowing. (最高法院裁决少年犯必须被提供程序正义权力, 尤其是放弃少年法庭并换成地方法院的审判必须是自愿与知情的)
03. juvenile delinquent
定义: (十六岁以下的)少年罪犯
例句: A juvenile delinquent is a person who is typically under the age of 18 and commits an act that otherwise would have been charged as a crime if they were an adult. (少年罪犯一般是个触犯刑事罪的十八岁以下的未成年者; 如果是成年人的话, 他们已经以此罪被起诉)
04. juvenile detention
定义: 少年暂时拘留
例句: Juvenile detention is not intended to be punitive. Rather, juveniles held in secure custody usually receive care consistent with the doctrine of parens patriae. (少年拘留的本意并不是处罚. 反之, 少年犯受到安全牢靠的监护, 通常得到符合政府监护法则的照料)
05. juvenile probation
定义: 少年观护教导
例句: Juvenile probation is a program put together through the Court system which enables a juvenile offender to get structure to prevent further criminal activities in the future. (少年观护教导是一个经由法院系统所制订的工作项目, 它使一名少年犯取得精心的安排来防止未来更多的犯罪活动)
06. law enforcement (LE) officer
定义: 执法官员, 警官
例句: A law enforcement officer, also called peace officer in North America, is any public-sector employee or agent whose duties involve the enforcement of laws. (一名执法官员, 在北美亦称治安官员, 是任何职责涉及执行法律的公共部门职员或特勤人员)
07. law librarian
定义: 法院资料图书馆员
例句: By law, the law librarian does not give legal advice, draft information or assist in filling out forms. (依照法律, 这名法院资料图书馆员不被允许提供法律咨询, 起草法院文件或协助填写表格)
08. lawsuit
定义: 诉讼, 官司
例句: A lawsuit may also enable the state to be treated as if it were a private party in a civil case, as plaintiff or defendant regarding an injury. (一件官司也可以使得政府部门在一个民事诉讼中被当成私人当事者对待, 在一个侵权案件中成为原告或被告)
09. leading question / suggestive interrogation
定义: (为了取得理想的答覆对证人所发出的)暗示性的, 引导性的, 串通性的问题
例句: The propriety of leading questions generally depends on the relationship of the witness to the party conducting the examination. (引导性问题的正当性一般端赖于证人与进行讯问一方当事人之间的关系来决定. 注: 意指利益一致的同一方证人与讯问者的串通性问答是不正当; 反之, 则可以接受)
10. legal aid or legal services
定义: (给予穷困者免费的)法律援助, 法律咨询服务
例句: Legal aid is regarded as central in providing access to justice by ensuring equality before the law, the right to counsel and the right to a fair trial. (藉由法律之前人人平等, 法律咨询权利和公平审判权利的保障, 法律援助被视为提供公正使用权最重要的一部分)
11. legal basis
定义: 法律根据或依据
例句: All three sisters' immigration cases have undergone review at multiple levels of our nation's legal system and the courts have uniformly held they have no legal basis to remain in the US. (所有三名姊妹的移民案件经过我国多重法律系统的审核, 这些法庭一致认为她们不具继续留在美国的法律依据)
12. legal custody
定义: 法定监护
例句: It is possible to have joint legal custody, but for one parent to have sole physical custody. In some states this is referred to as custodial parent and non-custodial parent. (享有共同法定监护权是可能的, 但只有一个父/母亲拥有单独的实质监护. 在有些州内, 这被称为监护父/母与非监护父/母)
13. legal ground
定义: 法律依据, 合法理由
例句: The lawsuit lacking legal ground could be immediately dismissed. (这起缺乏法律依据的诉讼案件可以立即驳回)
14. legal separation
定义: 合法分居
例句: Some couples obtain a legal separation as an alternative to a divorce, based on moral or religious objections to divorce. (基于对离婚的道德或宗教反对, 有些夫妻取得合法分居作为离婚的替代方式)
15. legal tender
定义: 法定货币
例句: The United States Note was a national currency whereas Federal Reserve Notes are issued by the quasi-federal Federal Reserve System. Both have been legal tender since 1933. (美国纸钞是个国家货币然而联邦储备纸钞是由类似官方的联储系统所发行的. 这两种钞票从1933年起都是法定货币)
一九六三年美国纸钞系列的五元
一九九五年各种面值的联邦储备纸钞
16. lien
定义: 扣押权, 留置权
例句: Liens the debtor agrees to, are called security interests include mortgages, home equity loans, car loans, and personal loans for which the debtor pledges property as collateral. (债务人同意的扣押权, 也称为抵押利益包括房屋贷款,房屋净值贷款, 车辆贷款, 与私人贷款等债务人以财产作抵押的贷款)
17. liquidated claim
定义: 金额已确定或已清偿的索赔
例句: A liquidated claim is for an amount certain and fixed. Conversely, a claim is unliquidated when there is a bona fide contention as to the amount owing. (一个金额已确定的索赔是指金额是确定与不变的. 相反地, 由于真实的欠款金额争论造成了索赔金额不确定)
18. liquidated debt
定义: 已确定或已清偿的债务
例句: If a bank lends you $20,000 on a two-year promissory note, the amount due at the loan's maturity date is clear. Any interest owed on the loan is also included in the liquidated debt. (如果某银行以两年期票贷款给你两万元, 贷款到期金额是明确的. 任何贷款的利息也列入这个已确定的债务)
19. liquidation
定义: 债务清偿, 停业清算
例句: The company in liquidation is to collect in its assets, determine the outstanding claims against the company, and satisfy those claims in the manner prescribed by law. (这家停业清算的公司将要集中其资产, 决定公司的未清偿债务, 以及依照法律规定的方式清偿债务)
20. lis pendens
定义: 待决案件
例句: Recording a lis pendens against a piece of property alerts a potential purchaser or lender that the property's title is in question. (一份针对某笔房地产的待决案件的登记会使潜在购买人或贷款人警觉到这笔房地产的所有权状出了问题)